Liu-Ambrose T, Donaldson M G
Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Br J Sports Med. 2009 Jan;43(1):25-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.055616. Epub 2008 Nov 19.
In recent years, there has been a strong interest in physical activity as a primary behavioural prevention strategy against cognitive decline. A number of large prospective cohort studies have highlighted the protective role of regular physical activity in lowering the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Most prospective intervention studies of exercise and cognition to date have focused on aerobic-based exercise training. These studies highlight that aerobic-based exercise training enhances both brain structure and function. However, it has been suggested that other types of exercise training, such as resistance training, may also benefit cognition. The purpose of this brief review is to examine the evidence regarding resistance training and cognitive benefits. Three recent randomised exercise trials involving resistance training among seniors provide evidence that resistance training may have cognitive benefits. Resistance training may prevent cognitive decline among seniors via mechanisms involving insulin-like growth factor I and homocysteine. A side benefit of resistance training, albeit a very important one, is its established role in reducing morbidity among seniors. Resistance training specifically moderates the development of sarcopenia. The multifactorial deleterious sequelae of sarcopenia include increased falls and fracture risk as well as physical disability. Thus, clinicians should consider encouraging their clients to undertake both aerobic-based exercise training and resistance training not only for "physical health" but also because of the almost certain benefits for "brain health".
近年来，人们对体育活动作为预防认知能力下降的主要行为策略产生了浓厚兴趣。一些大型前瞻性队列研究强调了规律体育活动在降低认知障碍和痴呆风险方面的保护作用。迄今为止，大多数关于运动与认知的前瞻性干预研究都集中在有氧锻炼训练上。这些研究表明，有氧锻炼训练可增强大脑结构和功能。然而，有人提出其他类型的运动训练，如阻力训练，可能也对认知有益。本简要综述的目的是审视有关阻力训练与认知益处的证据。最近三项涉及老年人阻力训练的随机运动试验提供了证据，表明阻力训练可能具有认知益处。阻力训练可能通过涉及胰岛素样生长因子I和同型半胱氨酸的机制预防老年人认知能力下降。阻力训练的一个附带益处，尽管是非常重要的一个，是其在降低老年人发病率方面已确立的作用。阻力训练特别能缓解肌肉减少症的发展。肌肉减少症的多因素有害后果包括跌倒和骨折风险增加以及身体残疾。因此，临床医生应考虑鼓励他们的患者进行有氧锻炼训练和阻力训练，不仅是为了“身体健康”，还因为这几乎肯定对“大脑健康”有益。
