Gambling Lorraine, Andersen Henriette S, McArdle Harry J
Rowett Institute of Health and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2008 Dec;36(Pt 6):1258-61. doi: 10.1042/BST0361258.
During development, the fetus is entirely dependent on the mother for its nutrient requirements. Subsequently, it is a period when both are vulnerable to changes in dietary supply, especially of those nutrients that are marginal under normal circumstances. In developed countries, this applies mainly to micronutrients. Even now, iron deficiency is a common disorder, especially in pregnancy. Similarly, copper intake in the U.K. population is rarely above adequate levels. It is now becoming clear that nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy can result in problems for the offspring, in both the short- and long-term. Early studies showed that lambs born to mothers on copper-deficient pastures developed 'swayback', with neurological and muscular symptoms that could not be reversed by postnatal supplementation. Our own findings have shown that prenatal iron deficiency results in increased postnatal blood pressure, even though the offspring have normal dietary iron levels from birth. These observations emphasize the importance of iron and copper in growth and development. Complicating the situation further is the fact that copper and iron are known to interact with each other in many ways, including absorption and intracellular transport. However, their interactions during the pregnancy appear to be more complex than during the non-pregnant state. In the present review, we examine the importance of these metals and their interactions, the consequences, both short- and long-term, of deficiency and consider some possible mechanisms whereby these effects may be generated.
在发育过程中，胎儿的营养需求完全依赖于母亲。因此，这是一个母亲和胎儿都易受饮食供应变化影响的时期，尤其是那些在正常情况下处于边缘水平的营养素。在发达国家，这主要适用于微量营养素。即使在现在，缺铁仍是一种常见的病症，尤其是在孕期。同样，英国人群的铜摄入量很少超过适宜水平。现在越来越清楚的是，孕期的营养缺乏会在短期和长期内给后代带来问题。早期研究表明，在缺铜牧场的母羊所生的羔羊会患上“摇摆病”，出现神经和肌肉症状，出生后补充铜也无法逆转这些症状。我们自己的研究结果表明，产前缺铁会导致产后血压升高，即使后代从出生起饮食中铁含量正常。这些观察结果强调了铁和铜在生长发育中的重要性。使情况更加复杂的是，已知铜和铁在许多方面相互作用，包括吸收和细胞内运输。然而，它们在孕期的相互作用似乎比非孕期更为复杂。在本综述中，我们研究了这些金属的重要性及其相互作用、缺乏所导致的短期和长期后果，并考虑了可能产生这些影响的一些机制。
