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细菌耐药性产生的蛋白质成本能否通过改变摄食行为来抵消?

Can the protein costs of bacterial resistance be offset by altered feeding behaviour?

作者信息

Povey Sonia, Cotter Sheena C, Simpson Stephen J, Lee Kwang Pum, Wilson Kenneth

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2009 Mar;78(2):437-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01499.x. Epub 2008 Nov 4.

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01499.x
PMID:19021780
Abstract
  1. Mounting an immune response is likely to be costly in terms of energy and nutrients, and so it is predicted that dietary intake should change in response to infection to offset these costs. The present study focuses on the interactions between a specialist grass-feeding caterpillar species, the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta, and an opportunist bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. 2. The main aims of the study were (i) to establish the macronutrient costs to the insect host of surviving a systemic bacterial infection, (ii) to determine the relative importance of dietary protein and carbohydrate to immune system functions, and (iii) to determine whether there is an adaptive change in the host's normal feeding behaviour in response to bacterial challenge, such that the nutritional costs of resisting infection are offset. 3. We show that the survival of bacterially infected larvae increased with increasing dietary protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio, suggesting a protein cost associated with bacterial resistance. As dietary protein levels increased, there was an increase in antibacterial activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity and protein levels in the haemolymph, providing a potential source for this protein cost. However, there was also evidence for a physiological trade-off between antibacterial activity and phenoloxidase activity, as larvae whose antibacterial activity levels were elevated in response to immune activation had reduced PO activity. 4. When given a choice between two diets varying in their P:C ratios, larvae injected with a sub-lethal dose of bacteria increased their protein intake relative to control larvae whilst maintaining similar carbohydrate intake levels. These results are consistent with the notion that S. exempta larvae alter their feeding behaviour in response to bacterial infection in a manner that is likely to enhance the levels of protein available for producing the immune system components and other factors required to resist bacterial infections ('self-medication').
摘要
  1. 产生免疫反应在能量和营养方面可能代价高昂,因此据预测,饮食摄入应随感染而改变,以抵消这些代价。本研究聚焦于一种专食草类的毛虫物种——非洲粘虫草地贪夜蛾,与一种机会致病菌枯草芽孢杆菌之间的相互作用。2. 该研究的主要目的是:(i)确定昆虫宿主在全身性细菌感染中存活的常量营养素代价;(ii)确定饮食中的蛋白质和碳水化合物对免疫系统功能的相对重要性;(iii)确定宿主的正常取食行为是否会因细菌挑战而发生适应性变化,从而抵消抵抗感染的营养代价。3. 我们发现,受细菌感染幼虫的存活率随着饮食中蛋白质与碳水化合物(P:C)比例的增加而提高,这表明存在与抗细菌感染相关的蛋白质代价。随着饮食中蛋白质水平的增加,血淋巴中的抗菌活性、酚氧化酶(PO)活性和蛋白质水平都有所提高,这为这种蛋白质代价提供了一个潜在来源。然而,也有证据表明抗菌活性和酚氧化酶活性之间存在生理权衡,因为因免疫激活而抗菌活性水平升高的幼虫,其PO活性降低。4. 当在两种P:C比例不同的食物之间进行选择时,注射了亚致死剂量细菌的幼虫相对于对照幼虫增加了蛋白质摄入量,同时保持了相似的碳水化合物摄入量。这些结果与以下观点一致:草地贪夜蛾幼虫会因细菌感染而改变其取食行为,这种方式可能会提高可用于产生免疫系统成分和抵抗细菌感染所需其他因子的蛋白质水平(“自我药疗”)。

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