Blankstein K C, Anderson J A
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill 27599-7450.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991 May;49(5):468-75. doi: 10.1016/0278-2391(91)90169-m.
Two ultralight general anesthetic techniques, one using low-dose ketamine and the other using methohexital as the primary anesthetic agent, were compared for efficacy, safety, and psychomotor recovery in a double-blind fashion for use during third molar surgery. Low-dose intravenous ketamine as the primary anesthetic following premedication with fentanyl and midazolam, and in conjunction with nitrous oxide, appeared to produce less hypoxia, hypercarbia, and apnea than when methohexital was used. No significant differences were noted in heart rate or blood pressure between the techniques. The ketamine technique was universally preferred by the surgeons and anesthesiologists because of superior patient cooperation and airway management. No unpleasant psychomimetic side effects of significance were noted with the use of ketamine. Postoperative recovery took slightly longer in the ketamine group, with patients being judged fit for discharge approximately 10 to 15 minutes later than the patients who received methohexital.
在一项双盲研究中，比较了两种超轻型全身麻醉技术，一种使用低剂量氯胺酮，另一种使用美索比妥作为主要麻醉剂，用于第三磨牙手术时的疗效、安全性和精神运动恢复情况。在使用芬太尼和咪达唑仑进行术前用药后，以低剂量静脉注射氯胺酮作为主要麻醉剂，并与氧化亚氮联合使用，似乎比使用美索比妥时产生的低氧血症、高碳酸血症和呼吸暂停更少。两种技术在心率或血压方面均未观察到显著差异。由于患者配合度更高且气道管理更佳，外科医生和麻醉医生普遍更喜欢氯胺酮技术。使用氯胺酮未观察到明显的令人不适的拟精神病副作用。氯胺酮组的术后恢复时间稍长，患者被判定适合出院的时间比接受美索比妥的患者大约晚10至15分钟。
