Muula A S, Siziya S, Rudatsikira E
Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
Tanzan J Health Res. 2008 Jul;10(3):166-76. doi: 10.4314/thrb.v10i3.14357.
The majority of adults who smoke cigarettes initiated the habit when they were adolescents or young adults. While rates of smoking and associated factors are known among 13-15 year olds in Malawi, correlates of cigarette smoking among adolescents in a national representative sample in Malawi have not been studied. We, therefore, carried out this study to estimate the prevalence of current smoking and determine its correlates in a nationally representative sample of in-school adolescents in Malawi. An analysis of the Malawi Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2005 was conducted. Using logistic regression analysis, we estimated the association between current cigarette smoking and potential explanatory variables. Overall, 2.5% of adolescents (3.2% among males, and 1.8% among females) were current cigarette smokers. Smoking among parents was 9.6% with no significant difference between males and females (10.3% versus 10.1%). Stronger associations with smoking were observed for friends smoking status (AOR=3.07, 95%CI 2.99, 3.16), receiving pocket money (AOR=3.06, 95%CI 2.98, 3.14), and perception that smoking increases body weight (AOR=2.98, 95%CI 2.81, 3.16). Students who thought that cigarette smoking is harmful to health were 56% (AOR=0.44, 95%CI 0.43, 0.45) less likely to smoke than students who thought otherwise. Despite being the world's second leading grower of tobacco, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescent is lower than has been reported elsewhere.
大多数吸烟的成年人是在青少年或青年时期开始养成这个习惯的。虽然马拉维13 - 15岁青少年的吸烟率及相关因素是已知的，但尚未对马拉维全国代表性样本中的青少年吸烟相关因素进行研究。因此，我们开展了这项研究，以估计马拉维在校青少年全国代表性样本中的当前吸烟率，并确定其相关因素。我们对2005年马拉维全球青少年烟草调查（GYTS）进行了分析。通过逻辑回归分析，我们估计了当前吸烟与潜在解释变量之间的关联。总体而言，2.5%的青少年（男性为3.2%，女性为1.8%）是当前吸烟者。父母吸烟率为9.6%，男性和女性之间无显著差异（分别为10.3%和10.1%）。在朋友吸烟状况（比值比[AOR]=3.07，95%置信区间[CI] 2.99，3.16）、获得零花钱（AOR=3.06，95%CI 2.98，3.14）以及认为吸烟会增加体重（AOR=2.98，95%CI 2.81，3.16）方面，观察到与吸烟有更强的关联。认为吸烟有害健康的学生比持相反观点的学生吸烟可能性低56%（AOR=0.44，95%CI 0.43，0.45）。尽管马拉维是世界第二大烟草种植国，但青少年吸烟率低于其他地方所报告的水平。
