Kutner Jan
Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 5A Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Postepy Biochem. 2007;53(4):420-30.
In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms termination of translation differs in many aspects. In the first step of termination the release factors recognize stop codons in A site of the ribosome. These factors are responsible for hydrolysis of peptide-tRNA bond and release of newly synthesized peptide. There is only one factor in eukaryotic cells, called eRF1, whereas in prokaryotic cells there are two factors called RF1 and RF2. In termination of translation in mitochondria, process similar to prokaryotes termination, there is only one factor known, called mitochondrial release factor 1 (mRF1). The research in all these systems has revealed important domains in release factors, which are involved in complicated process of termination of translation. This work summarizes new mechanistic aspects of termination of translation and shows some attempts of visualization of this process in many structural studies.
在原核生物和真核生物中，翻译终止在许多方面存在差异。在终止的第一步，释放因子识别核糖体A位点的终止密码子。这些因子负责肽 - tRNA键的水解以及新合成肽的释放。真核细胞中只有一种因子，称为eRF1，而原核细胞中有两种因子，称为RF1和RF2。在线粒体翻译终止过程中，其过程类似于原核生物的终止过程，已知只有一种因子，称为线粒体释放因子1（mRF1）。对所有这些系统的研究揭示了释放因子中的重要结构域，它们参与了复杂的翻译终止过程。这项工作总结了翻译终止的新机制方面，并展示了在许多结构研究中对这一过程进行可视化的一些尝试。
