Lekomtsev S A
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2007 Nov-Dec;41(6):964-72.
Genetic code is not universal. Various non-standard versions of the code were found in mitochondrial, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Stop codons are used to signal the ribosome stop translation of the coding sequence and prone to reassignment to sense codons. Class-1 termination factors recognize stop codons and promote hydrolysis of the peptidyl-tRNA in ribosome (RF1, RF2 in prokaryotes and eRF1 in eukaryotes). The class-1 factor termination specificity is changed in non-standart codes organisms. Pyrrolysine and selenocysteine use dissimilar decoding strategies. The various non-standart code origin hypotheses are described. It was proposed that specificity alteration of the class-1 release factor was a starting point for stop codon reassignment.
遗传密码并非通用。在线粒体、原核生物和真核生物基因组中发现了各种非标准版本的密码。终止密码子用于向核糖体发出停止编码序列翻译的信号，并且易于重新分配为有义密码子。1类终止因子识别终止密码子并促进核糖体中肽基 - tRNA的水解（原核生物中的RF1、RF2和真核生物中的eRF1）。在非标准密码生物中，1类因子的终止特异性会发生变化。吡咯赖氨酸和硒代半胱氨酸使用不同的解码策略。文中描述了各种非标准密码起源假说。有人提出，1类释放因子特异性的改变是终止密码子重新分配的起点。
