Adenylate cyclase of GH and ACTH producing tumors of human: activation by non-specific hormones and other bioactive substances.

The adenylate cyclase responses of the human GH or ACTH producing pituitary adenomas and ectopic ACTH producing tumors to TRH, LH-RH, biogenic amines, peptides hormones, PGE1 and rat median eminence extract (MEE) have been examined. Out of 4 GH producing pituitary adenomas obtained from patients with active acromegaly at hypophysectomy two were stimulated by TRH, two by LH-RH, three by norepinephrine, one by dopamine, four by PGE1 and none by serotonin. Glucagon stimulated the adenylate cyclase in one of three and MEE in both of two tested. The positive responses of paradoxical GH release after TRH and/or LH-RH before surgery in these patients coincidentally related to the response of adenylate cyclase of each pituitary adenoma. There seems, however, to be no consistent correlation between the adenylate cyclase responses to biogenic amines and the GH release after L-Dopa or 5-hydroxytroptophan tested. The adenylate cyclase of a pituitary adenoma from case of Cushing's disease was stimulated by LH-RH, norepinephrine glucagon and MEE but not by TRH. Plasma levels of ACTH, beta-MSH and cortisol increased after LH-RH but not after TRH in this patient before hypophysectomy. The adenylate cyclase of two ectopic ACTH producing tumors (gastric carcinoid and malignant thymoma) was activated by TRH, LH-RH, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, PGE1 and MEE. These results indicate the presence of multiple hormone receptors in GH or ACTH producing pituitary adenomas and ectopic ACTH producing tumors, and suggest that the paradoxical GH or ACTH release after TRH and/or LH-RH injection in acromegaly and Cushing's syndrome might be caused by an alteration of the cellular membrane receptors of the pituitary adenomas.