Bottje W G, Carstens G E
Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2009 Apr;87(14 Suppl):E48-63. doi: 10.2527/jas.2008-1379. Epub 2008 Nov 21.
As grain prices have increased dramatically in the past year, understanding the fundamental genetic, cellular, and biochemical mechanisms responsible for feed efficiency (FE; g of gain/g of feed) or residual feed intake (RFI; an alternative feed efficiency trait that quantifies interanimal variation in DMI that is unexplained by differences in BW and growth rate) in livestock and poultry is extremely important with respect to maintaining viable meat production practices in the United States. Although breed and diet have long been known to affect mitochondrial function, few studies have investigated differences in mitochondrial function and biochemistry due to interanimal phenotypic differences in FE or RFI (i.e., variation among animals of the same breed and fed the same diet). This paper reviews existing literature on relationships of mitochondrial function and biochemistry with FE and RFI in poultry and livestock. The overall goal of all of this paper is to assist the development of tools (e.g., genetic markers or biomarkers) to aid commercial breeding companies in genetic selection that, in turn, will help maintain viable livestock and poultry industries in the United States and around the world.
在过去一年里，谷物价格大幅上涨，因此了解影响畜禽饲料效率（FE；增重克数/饲料克数）或剩余采食量（RFI；一种替代饲料效率性状，用于量化动物间采食量的差异，该差异无法用体重和生长速率的差异来解释）的基本遗传、细胞和生化机制，对于在美国维持可行的肉类生产实践极为重要。尽管长期以来人们都知道品种和日粮会影响线粒体功能，但很少有研究调查因畜禽在FE或RFI方面的表型差异（即同一品种且饲喂相同日粮的动物之间的差异）而导致的线粒体功能和生物化学差异。本文综述了有关线粒体功能和生物化学与畜禽FE和RFI之间关系的现有文献。本文的总体目标是协助开发工具（如遗传标记或生物标志物），以帮助商业育种公司进行遗传选择，进而有助于在美国乃至全球维持可行的畜禽产业。
