Nunes Alanne T, Faleiros Camila A, Poleti Mirele D, Novais Francisco J, López-Hernández Yamilé, Mandal Rupasri, Wishart David S, Fukumasu Heidge
Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil.
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
Metabolites. 2024 Dec 3;14(12):675. doi: 10.3390/metabo14120675.
Advancements in metabolomic technologies have revolutionized our understanding of feed efficiency (FE) in livestock, offering new pathways to enhance both profitability and sustainability in ruminant production.
This review offers a critical and systematic evaluation of the metabolomics methods used to measure and assess FE in ruminants. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, covering publications from 1971 to 2023. This review synthesizes findings from 71 studies that applied metabolomic approaches to uncover the biological mechanisms driving interindividual variations in FE across cattle, sheep, goats, and buffaloes.
Most studies focused on cattle and employed targeted metabolomics to identify key biomarkers, including amino acids, fatty acids, and other metabolites linked to critical pathways such as energy metabolism, nitrogen utilization, and muscle development. Despite promising insights, challenges remain, including small sample sizes, methodological inconsistencies, and a lack of validation studies, particularly for non-cattle species.
By leveraging state-of-the-art metabolomic methods, this review highlights the potential of metabolomics to provide cost-effective, non-invasive molecular markers for FE evaluation, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable livestock management. Future research should prioritize larger, species-specific studies with standardized methods to validate identified biomarkers and enhance practical applications in livestock production systems.
代谢组学技术的进步彻底改变了我们对家畜饲料效率（FE）的理解，为提高反刍动物生产的盈利能力和可持续性提供了新途径。
本综述对用于测量和评估反刍动物FE的代谢组学方法进行了批判性和系统性评价。我们对PubMed、科学网和Scopus数据库进行了全面检索，涵盖了1971年至2023年的出版物。本综述综合了71项研究的结果，这些研究应用代谢组学方法揭示了影响牛、羊、山羊和水牛个体间FE差异的生物学机制。
大多数研究集中在牛身上，并采用靶向代谢组学来识别关键生物标志物，包括氨基酸、脂肪酸以及与能量代谢、氮利用和肌肉发育等关键途径相关的其他代谢物。尽管有一些有前景的见解，但挑战仍然存在，包括样本量小、方法不一致以及缺乏验证研究，特别是对于非牛物种。
通过利用最先进的代谢组学方法，本综述强调了代谢组学为FE评估提供具有成本效益的非侵入性分子标记的潜力，为更高效和可持续的家畜管理铺平了道路。未来的研究应优先开展更大规模的、针对特定物种的标准化方法研究，以验证已识别的生物标志物，并加强在畜牧生产系统中的实际应用。
