Centre for Environment and Vocational Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
Environ Geochem Health. 2009 Dec;31(6):643-55. doi: 10.1007/s10653-008-9222-5. Epub 2008 Nov 22.
Various physico-chemical parameters, including fluoride (F(-)), were analyzed to understand the hydro-geochemistry of an aquifer in a semi-arid region of India. Furthermore, the quality of the shallow and deep aquifer (using tube well and hand pumps) was also investigated for their best ecological use including drinking, domestic, agricultural and other activities. Different multivariate techniques were applied to understand the groundwater chemistry of the aquifer. Findings of the correlation matrix were strengthened by the factor analysis, and this shows that salinity is mainly caused by magnesium salts as compared to calcium salts in the aquifer. The problem of salinization seems mainly compounded by the contamination of the shallow aquifers by the recharging water. High factor loading of total alkalinity and bicarbonates indicates that total alkalinity was mainly due to carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium. The concentration of F(-) was found more in the deep aquifer than the shallow aquifer. Further, only a few groundwater samples lie below the permissible limit of F(-), and this indicates a risk of dental caries in the populace of the study area. The present study indicates that regular monitoring of groundwater is an important step to avoid human health risks and to assess its quality for various ecological purposes.
研究了半干旱地区印度含水层的水文地球化学，分析了各种物理化学参数，包括氟化物 (F(-))。此外，还研究了浅层和深层含水层（使用管井和手泵）的质量，以了解其在包括饮用水、家庭、农业和其他活动在内的最佳生态用途。应用了多种多元技术来了解含水层的地下水化学。相关矩阵的研究结果通过因子分析得到了加强，这表明与含水层中的钙盐相比，盐度主要是由镁盐引起的。浅层含水层因补给水的污染而导致的盐化问题似乎更为严重。总碱度和重碳酸盐的高因子负荷表明总碱度主要来自碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐的钠。深含水层中 F(-) 的浓度高于浅层含水层。此外，只有少数地下水样本的 F(-) 浓度低于允许限值，这表明研究区域的人群存在龋齿风险。本研究表明，定期监测地下水是避免人类健康风险和评估其各种生态用途质量的重要步骤。
