Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore, 641062, India.
Department of Applied Chemistry, Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, 440019, India.
Environ Geochem Health. 2021 Feb;43(2):1009-1028. doi: 10.1007/s10653-020-00676-2. Epub 2020 Jul 27.
The main aim of the present study was to examine the quality of the groundwater and decipher the sources of groundwater fluoride through mass balance modeling based on fluoride exposure in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of southern India. This was achieved by hydrogeochemical analysis, graphical methods, and mass transfer modeling approaches. Fuzzy comprehensive technique was applied to evaluate the quality of groundwater for groundwater management. In this regard, 61 groundwater samples were obtained from open wells and bore wells and analyzed for different physicochemical parameters. The major cation and anion abundances follow the order Na > Ca > Mg > K and Cl > HCO > SO > NO > PO. About 88.4% and 34.4% of the total water samples were dominated with Na and Cl ions in this region, respectively. The fluoride level in groundwater ranged from 0.10 to 3.30 mg/l with a mean value of 1.04 mg/l. Nearly 25% of the groundwater samples collected from 15 villages showed fluoride concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l as per the World Health Organization recommendations for human intake. More than 85% of the samples fell under strong acid (Cl and SO) type. The amount of groundwater salinization in this region was 70.5% since the Revelle index (RI) was excess in the groundwater samples (RI > 0.5 meq/l). Silicate weathering, cation exchange, and gypsum dissolution were the dominant geogenic processes in the aquifer system influencing groundwater chemistry and nullified the possibility of carbonate dissolution. Saturation indices revealed the contribution of sequestration of CaCO in F enrichment. Total dissolved solids showed strong positive correlations with Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO and NO indicating the contribution of anthropogenic inputs to groundwater chemistry in addition to geogenic sources. The results of the fuzzy comprehensive method indicated that 33% of the groundwater samples fell under fair water type, 2% and 11% of the samples fell under poor and very poor quality water types, respectively. Therefore, this work will be helpful for the decision-makers to plan for the sustainable management of groundwater resources.
本研究的主要目的是检验地下水的质量，并通过基于印度南部半干旱地质异质性地区氟化物暴露的质量平衡建模来解析地下水氟化物的来源。这是通过水文地球化学分析、图形方法和质量转移建模方法来实现的。模糊综合技术被应用于评价地下水的质量，以便进行地下水管理。在这方面，从水井和钻孔中获得了 61 个地下水样本，并对不同的物理化学参数进行了分析。主要阳离子和阴离子的丰度顺序为 Na > Ca > Mg > K 和 Cl > HCO > SO > NO > PO。在该地区，约 88.4%和 34.4%的总水样分别以 Na 和 Cl 离子为主。地下水的氟化物水平范围为 0.10 至 3.30 mg/l，平均值为 1.04 mg/l。在 15 个村庄采集的地下水样本中，有近 25%的氟化物浓度超过世界卫生组织建议的人类摄入的最大允许限值 1.5 mg/l。超过 85%的样本属于强酸（Cl 和 SO）类型。由于地下水样本中的 Revelle 指数（RI）过高（RI > 0.5 meq/l），该地区的地下水盐化程度为 70.5%。硅酸盐风化、阳离子交换和石膏溶解是含水层系统中影响地下水化学的主要地球成因过程，排除了碳酸盐溶解的可能性。饱和度指数表明，CaCO 的封存对 F 富集有贡献。总溶解固体与 Na、Ca、Mg、Cl、SO 和 NO 呈强烈正相关，表明人为输入对地下水化学的贡献除了地球成因来源外，还有人为输入。模糊综合法的结果表明，有 33%的地下水样本属于中等水质类型，2%和 11%的样本分别属于较差和很差的水质类型。因此，这项工作将有助于决策者规划地下水资源的可持续管理。
