Clark Alexander M, Lissel Sue L, Davis Caroline
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2008 Oct-Dec;31(4):E67-79. doi: 10.1097/01.ANS.0000341421.34457.2a.
To outline the main tenets of critical realism (CR), its use, and future application in nursing.
Little work has been done to discuss how CR can be applied to nursing research.
The tenets of CR include recognition of reality independent of human perceptions, a generative view of causation in open systems, and a focus on explanations and methodological eclecticism using a postdisciplinary approach. Critical realism is useful for (1) understanding complex outcomes, (2) optimizing interventions, and (3) researching biopsychosocial pathways. Such questions are central to evidence-based practice, chronic disease management, and population health.
Critical realism is philosophically strong and potentially useful for nursing research.
概述批判实在论（CR）的主要原则、其在护理中的应用及未来应用。
关于如何将批判实在论应用于护理研究的探讨甚少。
批判实在论的原则包括承认独立于人类认知的现实、开放系统中因果关系的生成性观点，以及采用后学科方法关注解释和方法折衷主义。批判实在论有助于：（1）理解复杂结果；（2）优化干预措施；（3）研究生物心理社会途径。这些问题是循证实践、慢性病管理和人群健康的核心。
批判实在论在哲学上具有优势，对护理研究可能有用。
