Gabrielsen Gorm, Kramp Peter
Center for Statistics, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2009;63(2):140-7. doi: 10.1080/08039480802423014.
The purpose of this study is to analyse a sample of immigrant forensic psychiatric patients and to compare them with Danish patients. Of the 326 forensic patients in Copenhagen, 111 were immigrants or descendants of immigrants. The sample was broken down according to area of origin, age, gender and ethnic status. The data have been analysed by Poisson regression with the background population as an offset variable. Of the patients of non-Danish ethnicity, a significantly higher ratio was diagnosed with schizophrenia and a lower ratio was diagnosed with personality disorders compared with Danes. Iranians accounted for a higher ratio than did other minority groups, whereas patients from Western Europe/USA were not different from Danes. The higher ratio of forensic schizophrenic patients of non-Danish ethnicity cannot be explained by social factors or substance abuse. Migration increases the age-adjusted risk (ARR) of becoming schizophrenic (ARR=2.7). We found the ARR of becoming a male forensic schizophrenic patient among immigrants/descendants to be 2.8, i.e. the same as that caused by migration as such. Violence and schizophrenia are associated, and this explains the fact that the ratio of immigrants/descendants having committed violence exceeds that of Danes. Non-violent crimes are more equally distributed among ethnic groups and seem to be associated with common criminogenic factors. Arson is mainly committed by older schizophrenic patients of Danish ethnicity. The risk of an individual immigrant and Danish schizophrenic patient exhibiting criminal behaviour is the same. Schizophrenia is a criminogenic factor in violence, but not in non-violent crimes. The differences between the various ethnic groups could be related to selection caused by both immigration and emigration.
本研究的目的是分析一组移民法医精神病患者样本，并将其与丹麦患者进行比较。在哥本哈根的326名法医患者中，111名是移民或移民后裔。样本按原籍地区、年龄、性别和种族身份进行了分类。数据通过泊松回归分析，以背景人群作为偏移变量。与丹麦人相比，非丹麦族裔患者中被诊断患有精神分裂症的比例显著更高，而被诊断患有人格障碍的比例更低。伊朗人所占比例高于其他少数群体，而来自西欧/美国的患者与丹麦人没有差异。非丹麦族裔法医精神分裂症患者比例较高无法用社会因素或药物滥用解释。移民会增加患精神分裂症的年龄调整风险（ARR=2.7）。我们发现移民/后裔中成为男性法医精神分裂症患者的ARR为2.8，即与移民本身导致的风险相同。暴力与精神分裂症有关，这解释了移民/后裔实施暴力的比例超过丹麦人的事实。非暴力犯罪在不同种族群体中分布更为平均，似乎与常见的犯罪成因因素有关。纵火主要由丹麦族裔的老年精神分裂症患者实施。个体移民和丹麦精神分裂症患者表现出犯罪行为的风险相同。精神分裂症是暴力犯罪的一个成因因素，但不是非暴力犯罪的成因因素。不同种族群体之间的差异可能与移民和移民导致的选择有关。
