van de Louw J, Vorstenbosch R, Vinck L, Penning C, Evenhuis H
Stichting Tragel, Clinge, The Netherlands.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2009 Jan;53(1):78-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01130.x. Epub 2008 Nov 6.
Literature on the prevalence of hypertension in people with intellectual disability (ID) is mostly based on file studies or on measurements limited to the age group below 50 years. We measured and calculated the prevalence of hypertension in adults with ID and studied the distribution of hypertension in relation to age, gender, diagnosis of Down's syndrome and level of ID.
In an observational cross-sectional study, standardized blood pressure measurements were obtained from 258 randomly selected adult clients of three Dutch care providers for people with ID. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg on repeated measurements.
The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was 17.4% (95% CI 12.28-22.46). This was comparable to the prevalence in the general Dutch population. No accurate blood pressure measurement could be performed in 28.4% of people with severe and profound ID owing to repetitive physical activity or resistance. Hypertension was significantly related to older age and absence of Down's syndrome; no correlation with gender or level of ID could be shown.
The risk factor hypertension should be detected and treated in the same manner as in the general population following national guidelines.
关于智障人士高血压患病率的文献大多基于档案研究或仅限于50岁以下年龄组的测量。我们测量并计算了成年智障人士的高血压患病率，并研究了高血压与年龄、性别、唐氏综合征诊断及智障程度的分布关系。
在一项观察性横断面研究中，从荷兰三家智障人士护理机构随机选取的258名成年客户中获取标准化血压测量值。高血压定义为多次测量时平均收缩压高于140毫米汞柱。
高血压的总体患病率为17.4%（95%置信区间12.28 - 22.46）。这与荷兰普通人群的患病率相当。由于重复性身体活动或抗拒，28.4%的重度和极重度智障人士无法进行准确的血压测量。高血压与年龄较大和无唐氏综合征显著相关；未显示与性别或智障程度相关。
应按照国家指南，以与普通人群相同的方式检测和治疗高血压这一风险因素。
