Arnaiz-Villena A, Reguera R, Ferri A, Barbolla L, Abd-El-Fatah-Khalil S, Bakhtiyarova N, Millan P, Moscoso J, Mafalda A, Serrano-Vela J I
Department of Immunology, University Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain.
Int J Immunogenet. 2009 Feb;36(1):9-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-313X.2008.00813.x. Epub 2008 Nov 25.
The Madeira-Porto Santo Archipelago was officially colonized in 1420 by Portuguese settlers. Its importance in Columbus' information for the American discovery and for slave traffic across the Atlantic is unquestionable. Thus, a complex peopling may have given rise to a present-day high admixture of ethnicities according to HLA genes. A sample of 173 healthy unrelated Madeirans was analysed and compared with 6986 HLA chromosomes from other worldwide populations. Genetic distances, neighbour-joining dendrograms and correspondence analyses were used for comparisons. Southern European, North African (including Canary Islands), Jewish and Mediterranean typical HLA alleles were found and genetic distances from Madeirans to these populations were the closest ones. In addition A24-B65-DRB10102-DQB10501 and A68-B08-DRB10301-DQB10201 haplotypes were newly found in Madeira and not found in any other population. Jewish-Armenian-Middle East haplotype (A33-B65-DRB10102-DQB10501) is one of the most common haplotypes; this haplotype is also present in Spaniards and North Africans. Quantitatively, Portuguese, North Africans (Algerians), Spaniards and Canary Islanders (in this order) are the most important parental populations to Madeirans. Results are discussed on the basis of the recorded historical peopling which does not show a noticeable African gene input in present-day Madeiran population according to our data; one of the closest related populations found is the Canary Islanders, suggesting that Guanche (Canary Islands first inhabitants) slaves gene flow is still noticed at present, both in Madeira and in Canary Islands populations.
马德拉-圣港岛群岛于1420年被葡萄牙殖民者正式殖民。其在哥伦布获取的美洲发现信息以及跨大西洋奴隶贸易信息方面的重要性是毋庸置疑的。因此，根据人类白细胞抗原（HLA）基因，复杂的人口迁徙可能导致了如今该群岛种族的高度混合。对173名健康、无亲缘关系的马德拉人样本进行了分析，并与来自世界其他人群的6986条HLA染色体进行了比较。使用遗传距离、邻接法树状图和对应分析进行比较。发现了南欧、北非（包括加那利群岛）、犹太人和地中海地区典型的HLA等位基因，并且马德拉人与这些人群的遗传距离是最近的。此外，A24 - B65 - DRB10102 - DQB10501和A68 - B08 - DRB10301 - DQB10201单倍型是在马德拉新发现的，在其他任何人群中均未发现。犹太-亚美尼亚-中东单倍型（A33 - B65 - DRB10102 - DQB10501）是最常见的单倍型之一；这种单倍型在西班牙人和北非人当中也存在。从数量上看，葡萄牙人、北非人（阿尔及利亚人）、西班牙人和加那利群岛人（按此顺序）是马德拉人最重要的亲本群体。根据记录的历史人口迁徙情况对结果进行了讨论，根据我们的数据，现今马德拉人群体中未显示出明显的非洲基因输入；发现的最密切相关群体之一是加那利群岛人，这表明现今在马德拉和加那利群岛人群体中仍能注意到关契人（加那利群岛最早的居民）奴隶的基因流动。
