对秘鲁一个棚户区卫生状况的直接观察：洗手不足且用水匮乏。
Direct observation of hygiene in a Peruvian shantytown: not enough handwashing and too little water.
作者信息
Oswald William E, Hunter Gabrielle C, Lescano Andres G, Cabrera Lilia, Leontsini Elli, Pan William K, Soldan Valerie Paz, Gilman Robert H
机构信息
Center for Global Safe Water, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
出版信息
Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Nov;13(11):1421-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02177.x.
OBJECTIVE
To document frequency of hygiene practices of mothers and children in a shantytown in Lima, Peru.
METHODS
Continuous monitoring over three 12-h sessions in households without in-house water connections to measure: (i) water and soap use of 32 mothers; (ii) frequency of interrupting faecal-hand contamination by washing; and (iii) the time until faecal-hand contamination became a possible transmission event.
RESULTS
During 1008 h of observation, 55% (65/119) of mothers' and 69% (37/54) of children's faecal-hand contamination events were not followed within 15 min by handwashing or bathing. Nearly 40% (67/173) of faecal-hand contamination events became possible faecal-oral transmission events. There was no difference in the time-until-transmission between mothers and children (P = 0.43). Potential transmission of faecal material to food or mouth occurred in 64% of cases within 1 h of hand contamination. Mean water usage (6.5 l) was low compared to international disaster relief standards.
CONCLUSIONS
We observed low volumes of water usage, inadequate handwashing, and frequent opportunities for faecal contamination and possible transmission in this water-scarce community.
目的
记录秘鲁利马一个棚户区中母亲和儿童的卫生习惯频率。
方法
在没有室内供水的家庭中进行三个12小时时段的连续监测，以测量：（i）32位母亲的用水和用皂情况；（ii）通过洗手中断粪便-手污染的频率；（iii）粪便-手污染成为可能的传播事件之前的时间。
结果
在1008小时的观察期间，55%（65/119）的母亲和69%（37/54）的儿童粪便-手污染事件在15分钟内未随后进行洗手或洗澡。近40%（67/173）的粪便-手污染事件成为可能的粪-口传播事件。母亲和儿童之间的传播前时间没有差异（P = 0.43）。在手部污染后1小时内，64%的病例中粪便物质有潜在传播到食物或口腔的情况。与国际救灾标准相比，平均用水量（6.5升）较低。
结论
在这个缺水社区，我们观察到用水量低、洗手不足以及粪便污染和可能传播的频繁机会。
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