Meyer Eric C, Lenzenweger Mark F
Psychology Department 116B, Central Texas VA Medical Center, 1901 Veterans Memorial Drive, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2009 Jan 30;165(1-2):78-87. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.015. Epub 2008 Dec 6.
Ideas of reference are considered hallmarks of schizophrenia-related psychopathology. However, the specificity of referential thinking to schizophrenia-related psychopathology has not been examined empirically. Schizotypy reflects the latent liability for schizophrenia and is associated with referential thinking. Referential thinking may occur in other forms of psychopatholoy, such as social anxiety, which is characterized by cognitive distortions in which the thoughts and judgments of others are viewed as having reference to the self. Our primary aim was to examine the specificity of referential thinking to schizotypy. A sample of 830 college students completed a psychometric screening, of which 102 met criteria for inclusion in one of three groups: schizotypy (n=30), social anxiety (n=28), normal controls (n=44). Participants completed the Referential Thinking Scale (REF), and other measures of schizotypy (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, Peters et al Delusion Index, Schizophrenia Proneness Scale, Social Anhedonia Scale), affect, and intellectual functioning. The schizotypy group exhibited higher REF scores than both comparison groups. REF scores were associated with other schizotypy measures and loaded onto a positive schizotypy factor, but not onto a negative schizotypy or negative affect factor. These findings support the specificity of high levels of referential thinking to schizotypy and the construct validity of the REF.
牵连观念被认为是精神分裂症相关精神病理学的标志。然而，牵连性思维对于精神分裂症相关精神病理学的特异性尚未得到实证检验。分裂型人格特质反映了精神分裂症的潜在易感性，并与牵连性思维相关。牵连性思维可能出现在其他形式的精神病理学中，如社交焦虑，其特征是认知扭曲，即把他人的想法和判断视为与自己有关。我们的主要目的是检验牵连性思维对分裂型人格特质的特异性。830名大学生的样本完成了心理测量筛查，其中102人符合纳入三个组之一的标准：分裂型人格特质组（n = 30）、社交焦虑组（n = 28）、正常对照组（n = 44）。参与者完成了牵连性思维量表（REF），以及其他分裂型人格特质测量工具（分裂型人格问卷、彼得斯等人的妄想指数、精神分裂症倾向量表、社交快感缺失量表）、情感和智力功能测量。分裂型人格特质组的REF得分高于两个对照组。REF得分与其他分裂型人格特质测量工具相关，并加载到一个积极的分裂型人格特质因子上，但未加载到消极的分裂型人格特质或消极情感因子上。这些发现支持了高水平牵连性思维对分裂型人格特质的特异性以及REF的结构效度。
