Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008 Dec 5;5:63. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-63.
Although point-of-purchase calorie labeling at restaurants has been proposed as a strategy for improving consumer food choices, a limited number of studies have evaluated this approach. Likewise, little research has been conducted to evaluate the influence of value size pricing on restaurant meal choices.
To examine the effect of point-of-purchase calorie information and value size pricing on fast food meal choices a randomized 2 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted in which participants ordered a fast food meal from one of four menus that varied with respect to whether calorie information was provided and whether value size pricing was used. Study participants included 594 adolescents and adults who regularly ate at fast food restaurants. Study staff recorded the foods ordered and consumed by each participant. Participants also completed surveys to assess attitudes, beliefs and practices related to fast food and nutrition.
No significant differences in the energy composition of meals ordered or eaten were found between menu conditions. The average energy content of meals ordered by those randomized to a menu that included calorie information and did not include value size pricing was 842 kcals compared with 827 kcals for those who ordered their meal from a menu that did not include calorie information but had value size pricing (control menu). Results were similar in most analyses conducted stratified by factors such as age, race and education level.
Additional research is needed to better evaluate the effects of calorie labeling and value size pricing on fast food meal choices. Studies in which participants are repeatedly exposed to these factors are needed since long term exposure may be required for behavior change.
尽管在餐厅设置销售点卡路里标签已被提议作为改善消费者食物选择的策略，但只有少数研究评估了这种方法。同样，很少有研究评估超值定价对餐厅餐点选择的影响。
为了研究销售点卡路里信息和超值定价对快餐选择的影响，进行了一项随机 2 x 2 析因实验，参与者从四个菜单中选择一个快餐餐点，菜单在提供卡路里信息和使用超值定价方面有所不同。研究参与者包括 594 名经常在快餐店就餐的青少年和成年人。研究人员记录了每位参与者所点和所食用的食物。参与者还完成了与快餐和营养相关的态度、信念和实践的调查。
在所研究的菜单条件下，所点餐点的能量组成或所食用的能量没有显著差异。那些被随机分配到包含卡路里信息且不使用超值定价菜单的人中，所点餐点的平均能量含量为 842 卡路里，而那些从不包含卡路里信息但有超值定价（对照菜单）的菜单中点餐的人则为 827 卡路里。在按年龄、种族和教育水平等因素分层进行的大多数分析中，结果都相似。
需要进一步研究以更好地评估卡路里标签和超值定价对快餐选择的影响。需要进行参与者反复接触这些因素的研究，因为可能需要长期接触才能改变行为。
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