Belke Eva, Humphreys Glyn W, Watson Derrick G, Meyer Antje S, Telling Anna L
University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
Percept Psychophys. 2008 Nov;70(8):1444-58. doi: 10.3758/PP.70.8.1444.
Moores, Laiti, and Chelazzi (2003) found semantic interference from associate competitors during visual object search, demonstrating the existence of top-down semantic influences on the deployment of attention to objects. We examined whether effects of semantically related competitors (same-category members or associates) interacted with the effects of perceptual or cognitive load. We failed to find any interaction between competitor effects and perceptual load. However, the competitor effects increased significantly when participants were asked to retain one or five digits in memory throughout the search task. Analyses of eye movements and viewing times showed that a cognitive load did not affect the initial allocation of attention but rather the time it took participants to accept or reject an object as the target. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of conceptual short-term memory and visual attention.
穆尔斯、莱蒂和凯拉齐（2003年）发现在视觉物体搜索过程中存在来自相关竞争者的语义干扰，这表明自上而下的语义影响在对物体的注意力分配中存在。我们研究了语义相关竞争者（同一类别成员或相关事物）的影响是否与感知或认知负荷的影响相互作用。我们没有发现竞争者效应与感知负荷之间存在任何相互作用。然而，当要求参与者在整个搜索任务中记住一位或五位数字时，竞争者效应显著增加。对眼动和注视时间的分析表明，认知负荷并不影响注意力的初始分配，而是影响参与者将一个物体接受或拒绝为目标所花费的时间。我们讨论了我们的发现对概念性短期记忆和视觉注意力理论的意义。
