Andersson Martin N, Haftmann Jenny, Stuart Jeffrey J, Cambron Sue E, Harris Marion O, Foster Stephen P, Franke Stephan, Francke Wittko, Hillbur Ylva
Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
J Chem Ecol. 2009 Jan;35(1):81-95. doi: 10.1007/s10886-008-9569-1. Epub 2008 Dec 10.
Coupled gas chromatographic (GC)-electroantennographic detection (EAD) analyses of ovipositor extract of calling Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, females revealed that seven compounds elicited responses from male antennae. Four of the compounds-(2S)-tridec-2-yl acetate, (2S,10Z)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, and (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-ol-were identified previously in female extracts. Two new EAD-active compounds, (2S,8Z,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate and (2S,8E,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate, were identified by GC-mass spectroscopy (MS) and the use of synthetic reference samples. In a Y-tube bioassay, a five-component blend (1 ng (2S)-tridec-2-yl acetate, 10 ng (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, 1 ng (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-ol, 1 ng (2S,8Z,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate, and 1 ng (2S,8E,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate) was as attractive to male Hessian flies as a similar amount of female extract (with respect to the main compound, (2S,10E)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate). The five-component blend was more attractive to male flies than a three-component blend lacking the two dienes. Furthermore, the five-component blend was more attractive than a blend with the same compounds but that contained one tenth the concentration of (2S,8E,10E)-8,10-tridecadien-2-yl acetate (more accurately mimicking the ratios found in female extract). This suggests that the ratios emitted by females might deviate from those in gland extracts. In a field-trapping experiment, the five-component blend applied to polyethylene cap dispensers in a 100:10 microg ratio between the main component and each of the other blend components attracted a significant number of male Hessian flies. Also, a small-plot field test demonstrated the attractiveness of the five-component blend to male Hessian flies and suggests that this pheromone blend may be useful for monitoring and predicting Hessian fly outbreaks in agricultural systems.
对正在鸣叫的小麦瘿蚊（Mayetiola destructor）雌虫产卵器提取物进行气相色谱（GC）-触角电位检测（EAD）联用分析发现，有7种化合物能引起雄虫触角的反应。其中4种化合物——(2S)-十三烷-2-基乙酸酯、(2S,10Z)-10-十三碳烯-2-基乙酸酯、(2S,10E)-10-十三碳烯-2-基乙酸酯和(2S,10E)-10-十三碳烯-2-醇——先前已在雌虫提取物中鉴定出来。通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）以及使用合成参考样品，鉴定出了两种新的具有EAD活性的化合物，即(2S,8Z,10E)-8,10-十三碳二烯-2-基乙酸酯和(2S,8E,10E)-8,10-十三碳二烯-2-基乙酸酯。在Y型管生物测定中，一种五组分混合物（1纳克(2S)-十三烷-2-基乙酸酯、10纳克(2S,10E)-10-十三碳烯-2-基乙酸酯、1纳克(2S,10E)-10-十三碳烯-2-醇、1纳克(2S,8Z,10E)-8,10-十三碳二烯-2-基乙酸酯和1纳克(2S,8E,10E)-8,10-十三碳二烯-2-基乙酸酯）对雄虫的吸引力与等量的雌虫提取物（相对于主要化合物(2S,10E)-10-十三碳烯-2-基乙酸酯而言）相当。这种五组分混合物对雄虫的吸引力比缺少这两种二烯的三组分混合物更强。此外，这种五组分混合物比含有相同化合物但(2S,8E,10E)-8,10-十三碳二烯-2-基乙酸酯浓度为其十分之一（更准确地模拟雌虫提取物中的比例）的混合物更具吸引力。这表明雌虫释放的比例可能与腺体提取物中的比例有所不同。在田间诱捕实验中，以主要成分与其他各混合成分100:10微克的比例应用于聚乙烯帽式分配器的五组分混合物吸引了大量雄虫。此外，小区田间试验证明了这种五组分混合物对雄虫具有吸引力，并表明这种性信息素混合物可能有助于监测和预测农业系统中小麦瘿蚊的爆发。
