Câmara Niels O S, Martins Joilson O, Landgraf Richardt G, Jancar Sonia
Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2009 Jan;18(1):21-7. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e32831a9df7.
Eicosanoids are products of arachidonic acid metabolism which have important roles in renal homeostasis and disease. In recent years the development of genetically modified animals and new drugs targeting eicosanoids producing enzymes and receptors has unveiled new roles for eicosanoids in kidney function. This review provides an overview of eicosanoid biosynthesis and receptors and discusses recent findings on their role in acute and chronic renal diseases and in renal transplantation.
Products of the cyclooxygenases, 5-lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism act through distinct receptors presented at different segment of the nephron. Apart from its role in renal physiology and hemodynamic, eicosanoids actively participate in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic renal diseases and have immunoregulatory role in kidney transplantation.
The new discoveries on the role of eicosanoids in kidney functions and the development of drugs targeting eicosanoids synthesis or action should help to envisage novel therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from renal diseases.
类二十烷酸是花生四烯酸代谢产物，在肾脏内环境稳定和疾病中发挥重要作用。近年来，转基因动物的发展以及针对类二十烷酸生成酶和受体的新药研发揭示了类二十烷酸在肾功能中的新作用。本综述概述了类二十烷酸的生物合成和受体，并讨论了它们在急性和慢性肾脏疾病以及肾移植中作用的最新研究结果。
花生四烯酸代谢的环氧化酶、5-脂氧合酶和细胞色素P450途径的产物通过肾单位不同节段存在的不同受体发挥作用。除了在肾脏生理学和血流动力学中的作用外，类二十烷酸还积极参与急性和慢性肾脏疾病的发病机制，并在肾移植中具有免疫调节作用。
类二十烷酸在肾功能中作用的新发现以及针对类二十烷酸合成或作用的药物开发，应有助于设想针对肾病患者的新治疗方法。
