Roka Y B, Kumar P, Bista P, Sharma G R, Adhikari P
National Neurosurgical Referral Centre, National Academy of Medical Sciences Kathmandu, Nepal.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2008 Oct-Dec;47(172):174-8.
Posterior fossa extradural haematoma is known for the vague signs and symptoms and a notorious course that varies from recovery to sudden death. The incidence of posterior fossa epidural hematomas among intracranial epidural hematomas has been reported from 4% to 7%. Subsequently, PFEDH with low GCS or the haematoma of more than 10 ml were subjected to evacuation. Since the volume of the posterior fossa is limited, patients deteriorate early with the development of obstructive hydrocephalus, which is visible in the CT scan in only thirty percent of cases. A retrospective study of 43 cases was done in this Institute from May 1999 to December 2005. The males (98%) have a clear predominance over female patients (2%). Road traffic accidents accounted for the majority of the cases (80%), fall for the rest (17%) and one case due to a bullhorn injury. Vomiting was the most common symptom accounting for 67% of cases followed by transient loss of consciousness in 48% and headache in 34%. On arrival to the hospital 67% presented with a GCS more than 13, 28% with score of 9-12 and the rest 5% with GCS of less than 8. Out of the total 43 cases of PFEDH surgical evacuation was done in 33(76%) and conservative management in 10 cases (23%). A dichotomised Glasgow outcome score was used to measure the outcome. This was favorable in 27 of the 33 cases operated (81%), and 7 out of the 10 conservatively managed group (70%). Overall favorable outcome was found in 34 cases (79%) with overall mortality of the study being 7%.
后颅窝硬膜外血肿以其模糊的体征和症状以及从恢复到猝死的多变病程而闻名。据报道,颅内硬膜外血肿中后颅窝硬膜外血肿的发生率为4%至7%。随后,格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)低或血肿超过10毫升的后颅窝硬膜外血肿患者接受了血肿清除术。由于后颅窝容积有限,患者会因梗阻性脑积水的发展而早期病情恶化,这种情况在CT扫描中仅在30%的病例中可见。本研究所在1999年5月至2005年12月期间对43例病例进行了回顾性研究。男性患者(98%)明显多于女性患者(2%)。交通事故占大多数病例(80%),其余为跌倒(17%),1例因喇叭伤。呕吐是最常见的症状,占病例的67%,其次是短暂意识丧失占48%,头痛占34%。入院时,67%的患者格拉斯哥昏迷评分超过13分,28%的患者评分为9 - 12分,其余5%的患者格拉斯哥昏迷评分低于8分。在43例后颅窝硬膜外血肿病例中,33例(76%)进行了手术清除血肿,10例(23%)进行了保守治疗。采用二分法格拉斯哥预后评分来衡量预后。在33例接受手术的病例中,27例(81%)预后良好,在10例保守治疗组中,7例(70%)预后良好。总体上,34例(79%)预后良好,该研究的总体死亡率为7%。