Brondolo Elizabeth, Brady Nisha, Thompson Shola, Tobin Jonathan N, Cassells Andrea, Sweeney Monica, McFarlane Delano, Contrada Richard J
St. John's University.
J Soc Clin Psychol. 2008 Feb;27(2):150-173. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2008.27.2.150.
Racism is a significant psychosocial stressor that is hypothesized to have negative psychological and physical health consequences. The Reserve Capacity Model (Gallo & Matthews, 2003) suggests that low socioeconomic status may influence health through its effects on negative affect. We extend this model to study the effects of racism, examining the association of lifetime perceived racism to trait and daily negative affect. A multiethnic sample of 362 American-born Black and Latino adults completed the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version (PEDQ-CV). Trait negative affect was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and state negative affect was measured using ecological momentary assessments (EMA), in the form of an electronic diary. Analyses revealed a significant relationship of lifetime perceived racism to both daily negative affect and trait negative affect, even when controlling for trait hostility and socioeconomic status. The relationship of perceived racism to negative affect was moderated by education, such that the relationships were strongest for those with less than a high school education. The findings support aspects of the Reserve Capacity Model and identify pathways through which perceived racism may affect health status.
种族主义是一种重要的社会心理压力源，据推测会对心理和身体健康产生负面影响。储备能力模型（加洛和马修斯，2003年）表明，社会经济地位低下可能通过对负面影响的作用来影响健康。我们扩展该模型以研究种族主义的影响，考察一生中感知到的种族主义与特质及日常负面影响之间的关联。362名美国出生的黑人和拉丁裔成年人的多民族样本完成了《社区版感知种族歧视问卷》（PEDQ-CV）。特质负面影响通过《正负性情绪量表》（PANAS）进行评估，状态负面影响则采用电子日记形式的生态瞬时评估（EMA）进行测量。分析表明，即使在控制了特质敌意和社会经济地位之后，一生中感知到的种族主义与日常负面影响和特质负面影响均存在显著关系。感知到的种族主义与负面影响之间的关系受到教育程度的调节，即对于那些未接受高中教育的人来说，这种关系最为强烈。这些发现支持了储备能力模型的某些方面，并确定了感知到的种族主义可能影响健康状况的途径。
