Maximizing recovery from stroke: new advances in rehabilitation.

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the United States. The magnitude of its economic impact is growing due to improved survival and the aging of the population. Acute interventions for stroke have had little effect on cost. Functional neuroimaging and transcutaneous magnetic stimulation have enhanced our understanding of how the brain reorganizes during recovery and in response to rehabilitation. Cell transplantation combined with growth factors holds promise for the future. Restorative approaches involving repetitive practice are emerging as effective techniques in improving post-stroke function. Clinical adoption remains slow due to time and funding constraints. Health policy changes are needed that focus funding and research efforts on stroke recovery.