Terashima Hiroyuki, Kojima Seiji, Homma Michio
Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2008;270:39-85. doi: 10.1016/S1937-6448(08)01402-0.
Bacterial flagella are filamentous organelles that drive cell locomotion. They thrust cells in liquids (swimming) or on surfaces (swarming) so that cells can move toward favorable environments. At the base of each flagellum, a reversible rotary motor, which is powered by the proton- or the sodium-motive force, is embedded in the cell envelope. The motor consists of two parts: the rotating part, or rotor, that is connected to the hook and the filament, and the nonrotating part, or stator, that conducts coupling ion and is responsible for energy conversion. Intensive genetic and biochemical studies of the flagellum have been conducted in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, and more than 50 gene products are known to be involved in flagellar assembly and function. The energy-coupling mechanism, however, is still not known. In this chapter, we survey our current knowledge of the flagellar system, based mostly on studies from Salmonella, E. coli, and marine species Vibrio alginolyticus, supplemented with distinct aspects of other bacterial species revealed by recent studies.
细菌鞭毛是驱动细胞运动的丝状细胞器。它们推动细胞在液体中（游动）或在表面上（群体游动）移动，以便细胞能够朝着有利环境移动。在每条鞭毛的基部，一个由质子动力或钠动力驱动的可逆旋转马达嵌入细胞膜中。该马达由两部分组成：连接到钩和鞭毛丝的旋转部分，即转子，以及传导耦合离子并负责能量转换的非旋转部分，即定子。已经在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌中对鞭毛进行了深入的遗传学和生物化学研究，已知有50多种基因产物参与鞭毛的组装和功能。然而，能量耦合机制仍然未知。在本章中，我们主要基于对沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和海洋物种溶藻弧菌的研究，综述我们目前对鞭毛系统的认识，并补充最近研究揭示的其他细菌物种的不同方面。
