Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Trends Microbiol. 2015 May;23(5):267-74. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.12.011. Epub 2015 Jan 20.
The bacterial flagellum is a reversible rotary motor powered by an electrochemical-potential difference of specific ions across the cytoplasmic membrane. The H(+)-driven motor of Salmonella spins at ∼300 Hz, whereas the Na(+)-driven motor of marine Vibrio spp. can rotate much faster, up to 1700 Hz. A highly conserved motor structure consists of the MS ring, C ring, rod, and export apparatus. The C ring and the export apparatus show dynamic properties for exerting their functional activities. Various additional structures surrounding the conserved motor structure are observed in different bacterial species. In this review we summarize our current understanding of the structure, function, and assembly of the flagellar motor in Salmonella and marine Vibrio.
细菌鞭毛是一种可逆旋转电机，由跨细胞质膜的特定离子的电化学势差驱动。沙门氏菌的 H(+)-驱动电机以 ∼300 Hz 的速度旋转，而海洋弧菌属的 Na(+)-驱动电机可以旋转得更快，高达 1700 Hz。高度保守的发动机结构由 MS 环、C 环、杆和出口装置组成。C 环和出口装置表现出动态特性，以发挥其功能活动。在不同的细菌物种中观察到围绕保守的发动机结构的各种附加结构。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们目前对沙门氏菌和海洋弧菌鞭毛马达的结构、功能和组装的理解。
