Chicken egg yolk cytoplasmic proteome, mined via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries.

The use of combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (CPLLs), containing hexapeptides terminating with a primary amine, or modified with a terminal carboxyl group, or with a terminal tertiary amine, allowed discovering and identifying a large number of previously unreported egg yolk proteins. Whereas the most comprehensive list up to date [K. Mann, M. Mann, Proteomics, 8 (2008) 178-191] tabulated about 115 unique gene products in the yolk plasma, our findings have more than doubled this value to 255 unique protein species. From the initial non-treated egg yolk it was possible to find 49 protein species; the difference was generated thanks to the use of the three combined CPLLs. The aberrant behaviour of some proteins, upon treatment via the CPLL method, such as proteins that do not interact with the library, is discussed and evaluated. Simplified elution protocols from the CPLL beads are taken into consideration, of which direct elution in a single step via sodium dodecyl sulphate desorption seems to be quite promising. Alternative methods are suggested. The list of egg yolk components here reported is by far the most comprehensive at present and could serve as a starting point for isolation and functional characterization of proteins possibly having novel pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.