Leunig Michael, Beaulé Paul E, Ganz Reinhold
Hip Service, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009 Mar;467(3):616-22. doi: 10.1007/s11999-008-0646-0. Epub 2008 Dec 10.
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a recently proposed mechanism causing abnormal contact stresses and potential joint damage around the hip. In the majority of cases, a bony deformity or spatial malorientation of the femoral head or head/neck junction, acetabulum, or both cause FAI. Supraphysiologic motion or high impact might cause FAI even with very mild bony alterations. FAI became of interest to the medical field when (1) evidence began to emerge suggesting that FAI may initiate osteoarthritis of the hip and when (2) adolescents and active adults with groin pain and imaging evidence of FAI were successfully treated addressing the causes of FAI. With an increased recognition and acceptance of FAI as a damage mechanism of the hip, defined standards of assessment and treatment need to be developed and established to provide high accuracy and precision in diagnosis. Early recognition of FAI followed by subsequent behavioral modification (profession, sports, etc) or even surgery may reduce the rate of OA due to FAI.
股骨髋臼撞击症（FAI）是一种最近提出的机制，可导致髋关节周围出现异常接触应力和潜在的关节损伤。在大多数情况下，股骨头或股骨头/颈交界处、髋臼或两者的骨畸形或空间方位异常会导致FAI。即使骨改变非常轻微，超生理运动或高冲击力也可能导致FAI。当（1）有证据开始表明FAI可能引发髋关节骨关节炎，以及（2）患有腹股沟疼痛且有FAI影像学证据的青少年和活跃成年人通过解决FAI病因成功得到治疗时，FAI开始引起医学领域的关注。随着对FAI作为髋关节损伤机制的认识和接受度不断提高，需要制定和确立明确的评估和治疗标准，以提供高精度的诊断。早期识别FAI，随后进行行为调整（职业、运动等）甚至手术，可能会降低因FAI导致的骨关节炎发生率。
