Barger Steven D, Donoho Carrie J, Wayment Heidi A
Department of Psychology, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 15106, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
Qual Life Res. 2009 Mar;18(2):179-89. doi: 10.1007/s11136-008-9426-2. Epub 2008 Dec 12.
To evaluate racial/ethnic disparities in life satisfaction and the relative contributions of socioeconomic status (SES; education, income, employment status, wealth), health, and social relationships (social ties, emotional support) to well-being within and across racial/ethnic groups.
In two cross-sectional, representative samples of U.S. adults (the 2001 National Health Interview Survey and the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; combined n > 350,000), we compared life satisfaction across Whites, Hispanics, and Blacks. We also evaluated the extent to which SES, health, and social relationships 'explained' racial/ethnic group differences and compared the magnitude of variation explained by life satisfaction determinants across and within these groups.
Relative to Whites, both Blacks and Hispanics were less likely to be very satisfied. Blacks were somewhat more likely to report being dissatisfied. These differences were reduced or eliminated with adjustment for SES, health, and social relationships. Together, SES and health explained 12-15% of the variation in life satisfaction, whereas social relationships explained an additional 10-12% of the variance.
Racial/ethnic life satisfaction disparities exist for Blacks and Hispanics, and these differences are largest when comparing those reporting being 'satisfied' to 'very satisfied' versus 'dissatisfied' to 'satisfied.' SES, health, and social relationships were consistently associated with life satisfaction, with emotional support having the strongest association with life satisfaction.
评估生活满意度方面的种族/民族差异，以及社会经济地位（SES；教育程度、收入、就业状况、财富）、健康状况和社会关系（社会联系、情感支持）对不同种族/民族群体内部和之间幸福感的相对贡献。
在美国成年人的两个横断面代表性样本中（2001年国家健康访谈调查和2007年行为危险因素监测系统；合并样本量n>350,000），我们比较了白人、西班牙裔和黑人的生活满意度。我们还评估了SES、健康状况和社会关系“解释”种族/民族群体差异的程度，并比较了这些群体之间和内部生活满意度决定因素所解释的变异幅度。
与白人相比，黑人和西班牙裔对生活非常满意的可能性较小。黑人报告不满意的可能性略高。在对SES、健康状况和社会关系进行调整后，这些差异有所减少或消除。SES和健康状况共同解释了生活满意度变异的12%-15%，而社会关系又额外解释了10%-12%的变异。
黑人和西班牙裔存在种族/民族生活满意度差异，在比较那些报告“满意”与“非常满意”以及“不满意”与“满意”的人群时，这些差异最为明显。SES、健康状况和社会关系始终与生活满意度相关，情感支持与生活满意度的关联最强。
