Carrico Ruth M, Rebmann Terri, English Judith F, Mackey JoEllen, Cronin Sherill Nones
School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Am J Infect Control. 2008 Dec;36(10):691-701. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.05.017.
Infection prevention and control education for hospital-based health care personnel has differed across organizations because of a lack of identified practice competencies. This gap also has resulted in variation of the educational curriculum in the academic setting and a lack of consistent preparation for emergency responses. The purpose of this study was to develop a list of competencies and measurable activities, or terminal objectives, for hospital-based health care personnel applicable for use during routine patient care activities as well as during natural and man-made disasters.
Competencies and terminal objectives related to infection prevention and control were developed using an evidence-based approach comprising the following steps: (a) review of the literature, (b) review of existing competencies and published curricula/training objectives, (c) synthesis of new competencies and terminal objectives, (d) expert panel review and competency refinement using the Delphi survey process, and (e) delineation of competencies by occupation. The 8 disciplines addressed were nurses (RNs and LPNs), nursing assistants, physicians, respiratory therapists, physical and occupational therapists, environmental services, laboratory professionals, and ancillary staff.
An initial list of competency statements and terminal objectives were compiled and then vetted by a Delphi panel of experts in infection prevention and control until > 80% agreement was achieved on all competency statements and terminal objectives.
The final matrix of competencies and terminal objectives developed through this process may be used as a content framework for educational curricula and training materials for hospital-based health care personnel. The process also may be of use in determining the core competencies and terminal objectives regarding infection prevention and control for health care personnel in other settings. Validation of these results is an important next step.
由于缺乏明确的实践能力要求，各机构针对医院医护人员的感染预防与控制教育存在差异。这种差距还导致了学术环境中教育课程的差异，以及应对紧急情况时准备工作的不一致。本研究的目的是为医院医护人员制定一份能力清单和可衡量的活动或最终目标，适用于日常患者护理活动以及自然和人为灾害期间。
采用循证方法制定与感染预防和控制相关的能力和最终目标，包括以下步骤：(a) 文献回顾；(b) 审查现有能力以及已发表的课程/培训目标；(c) 综合新的能力和最终目标；(d) 使用德尔菲调查法进行专家小组审查和能力细化；(e) 按职业划分能力。涉及的8个学科分别是护士（注册护士和执业护士）、护理助理、医生、呼吸治疗师、物理治疗师和职业治疗师、环境服务人员、实验室专业人员和辅助人员。
编制了一份能力陈述和最终目标的初始清单，然后由感染预防和控制领域的德尔菲专家小组进行审核，直到所有能力陈述和最终目标都达成了超过80%的共识。
通过这一过程制定的能力和最终目标的最终矩阵可作为医院医护人员教育课程和培训材料的内容框架。该过程也可用于确定其他环境中医护人员在感染预防和控制方面的核心能力和最终目标。下一步重要的是对这些结果进行验证。
