Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: closing diagnostic, communication, and treatment gaps.

Nurses and nurse practitioners often play a key role in the management of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a disorder that often persists into adolescence and adulthood. The diagnosis of ADHD requires careful history taking, use of standardized rating scales, and close attention to the patient's behavior and informants' reports. Stimulants appear to be most effective for patients with this diagnosis, but pharmacotherapy for ADHD should be combined with educational and behavioral interventions and careful follow-up to optimize treatment outcomes. Nurses and nurse practitioners must advocate to assist patients and families achieve goals at home and at school.