Prasad Priya, Schneider Lawrence W, Hardy Warren N
Prasad Engineering.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2008 Nov;52:187-203. doi: 10.4271/2008-22-0008.
The objectives of this study were to examine the response, repeatability, and injury predictive ability of the Hybrid III small-female dummy to static out-of-position (OOP) deployments using a depowered driver-side airbag. Five dummy tests were conducted in two OOP configurations by two different laboratories. The OOP configurations were nose-on-rim (NOR) and chest-on-bag (COB). Four cadaver tests were conducted using unembalmed small-female cadavers and the same airbags used in the dummy tests under similar OOP conditions. One cadaver test was designed to increase airbag loading of the face and neck (a forehead-on-rim, or FOR test). Comparison between the dummy tests of Lab 1 and of Lab 2 indicated the test conditions and results were repeatable. In the cadaver tests no skull fractures or neck injuries occurred. However, all four cadavers had multiple rib fractures. These results suggested that an older, osteoporatic, small-female driver would experience AIS > or = 3 thoracic injury if exposed to this type of depowered airbag inflation for the three positions tested, but would be unlikely to experience any head or neck injury. The cadaver results provided no information about the possibility of AIS > or = 3 rib fractures for the average small, female driver. The Hybrid III small-female dummy results suggest that a low percentage (15%) of small, female drivers would experience AIS > or = 3 thoracic injuries if they had their chest on the module cover at the time of deployment of this depowered airbag. Also, for this position, the dummy results indicated a risk of an AIS = 2 neck injury for some small, female drivers. For all positions tested, the dummy results predicted that head injury was unlikely for most small-female drivers.
本研究的目的是使用已减功率的驾驶员侧安全气囊，检验Hybrid III小体型女性假人对静态失位（OOP）展开情况的响应、重复性及损伤预测能力。两个不同实验室在两种OOP配置下进行了五次假人测试。OOP配置为鼻靠轮辋（NOR）和胸部靠安全气囊（COB）。使用未防腐的小体型女性尸体进行了四次尸体测试，且在相似的OOP条件下使用了与假人测试相同的安全气囊。设计了一次尸体测试以增加面部和颈部的安全气囊负载（前额靠轮辋测试，即FOR测试）。实验室1和实验室2的假人测试结果对比表明测试条件和结果具有可重复性。在尸体测试中，未发生颅骨骨折或颈部损伤。然而，所有四具尸体均有多处肋骨骨折。这些结果表明，对于测试的三个位置，如果一名老年、骨质疏松的小体型女性驾驶员暴露于这种已减功率的安全气囊展开情况，将会遭受AIS≥3级的胸部损伤，但不太可能遭受任何头部或颈部损伤。尸体测试结果未提供关于普通小体型女性驾驶员发生AIS≥3级肋骨骨折可能性的信息。Hybrid III小体型女性假人测试结果表明，如果在这种已减功率的安全气囊展开时胸部靠在模块盖上，低比例（15%）的小体型女性驾驶员将会遭受AIS≥3级的胸部损伤。此外，对于这个位置，假人测试结果表明一些小体型女性驾驶员有发生AIS = 2级颈部损伤的风险。对于所有测试位置，假人测试结果预测大多数小体型女性驾驶员不太可能发生头部损伤。
