Uchtenhagen Ambros A
Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, World Health Organization and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;20(6):535-9. doi: 10.1080/09540260802565471.
Social psychiatry started over a century ago under the auspices of mental and racial hygiene, but after World War II it embraced concepts of community-based care and de-institutionalization. The major psychiatric reforms in the second half of the last century were mainly based on such concepts, including the reforms of Swiss and especially Zurich psychiatry. The present needs for psychiatric care, and the specific political and economic conditions for a continuation along this line are explored and found to be favourable. Also, the profile of future psychiatrists, as formulated by professional associations and expert groups, corresponds to concepts of social psychiatry. The World Health Organization stimulates service improvements in the same direction. The consequences concern the education and training, and the professional role of future psychiatrists. Finally, the future of social psychiatry will be shaped by public expectations and acceptance of community-based services.
社会精神病学始于一个多世纪前，在精神与种族卫生的倡导下发展起来，但二战后它接纳了基于社区的护理和去机构化的理念。上世纪后半叶的主要精神病学改革主要基于这些理念，包括瑞士尤其是苏黎世的精神病学改革。本文探讨了当前对精神科护理的需求，以及沿着这条路线持续发展的具体政治和经济条件，发现这些条件是有利的。此外，专业协会和专家组制定的未来精神科医生的形象与社会精神病学的理念相符。世界卫生组织也在朝着相同方向推动服务改进。这些结果涉及未来精神科医生的教育与培训以及专业角色。最后，社会精神病学的未来将由公众对社区服务的期望和接受程度来塑造。
