Hargis P S, Van Elswyk M E, Hargis B M
Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University System, College Station 77843-2472.
Poult Sci. 1991 Apr;70(4):874-83. doi: 10.3382/ps.0700874.
Due to the numerous proposed cardiovascular benefits associated with consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, marketing of an egg enriched by omega-3 fatty acid may benefit the egg producer. Effects on yolk composition of a standard laying hen diet enriched with 3% menhaden oil (test diet), versus an isocaloric (control) diet containing no added fat, were evaluated for 18 wk. Dietary menhaden oil did not alter egg production, egg weight, total yolk fat, or yolk cholesterol. However, yolk contents of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids were influenced by diet. Arachidonic acid decreased and eicosapentaenoic acid increased in eggs from hens fed the test diet following 1 wk of dietary treatment. Docosahexaenoic acid and linolenate increased in eggs from hens fed the test diet at 2 and 3 wk of the trial, respectively. These alterations in yolk composition resulted in a decrease in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids from 18 for eggs from hens fed the control diet to 3 for eggs from hens fed the test diet. At Weeks 14 and 18, hens (n = 10 per diet) were killed and necropsied. No change in gross scoring of hepatic lipidosis was observed. Histologically, significantly greater scores for hepatocellular lipid infiltration were recorded for liver sections from hens fed menhaden oil than for control hens. Increased microscopic hepatic lipid infiltration observed with dietary omega-3 administration may have significance for flocks predisposed to fatty liver syndrome and may also provide a unique system in which to study the effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on liver lipid metabolism.
由于食用ω-3脂肪酸对心血管健康有诸多益处，推广富含ω-3脂肪酸的鸡蛋可能会使鸡蛋生产商受益。我们评估了富含3%鲱鱼油的标准蛋鸡日粮（试验日粮）与不含添加脂肪的等热量（对照）日粮对蛋黄成分的影响，试验为期18周。日粮中的鲱鱼油并未改变产蛋量、蛋重、蛋黄总脂肪含量或蛋黄胆固醇含量。然而，日粮会影响蛋黄中ω-6和ω-3脂肪酸的含量。经过1周的日粮处理后，喂食试验日粮的母鸡所产鸡蛋中的花生四烯酸含量降低，二十碳五烯酸含量增加。在试验的第2周和第3周，喂食试验日粮的母鸡所产鸡蛋中的二十二碳六烯酸和亚麻酸分别增加。这些蛋黄成分的变化导致ω-6与ω-3脂肪酸的比例从喂食对照日粮的母鸡所产鸡蛋的18降至喂食试验日粮的母鸡所产鸡蛋的3。在第14周和第18周，对母鸡（每种日粮10只）进行宰杀和剖检。未观察到肝脏脂肪变性的总体评分有变化。组织学检查显示，喂食鲱鱼油的母鸡肝脏切片的肝细胞脂质浸润评分显著高于对照母鸡。日粮中添加ω-3脂肪酸后观察到的肝脏微观脂质浸润增加，可能对易患脂肪肝综合征的鸡群具有重要意义，也可能提供一个独特的系统来研究日粮ω-3脂肪酸对肝脏脂质代谢的影响。
