Haxhija E Q, Spendel S, Höllwarth M E
Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendchirurgie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Osterreich.
Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 2009 Apr;41(2):100-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1038891. Epub 2008 Dec 15.
Vascular malformations are inborn errors of vasculogenesis in localised regions of the body. They are present at birth and grow proportionally with the child without ever showing any tendency to regress. This fact distinguishes them clearly from haemangiomas, which represent vascular tumours with high proliferation during the first year of life followed by a slow involution thereafter. The strategy for the treatment of vascular malformations differs substantially from the one for haemangiomas. According to the type of vascular malformation, the treatment may consist in laser therapy, sclerotherapy, selective embolisation, and/or surgical resection. Whereas systemic medication may save the life of children with life-threatening haemangiomas, such treatment would have no significant effect in children with vascular malformations. The aim of the surgical treatment is to perform a complete resection of the malformation in order to prevent its recurrence. However, since vascular malformations often have an infiltrative growth, frequently only subtotal resections can be performed to avoid unacceptable functional or cosmetic disfigurement of the body. Generally, an optimal management of children with vascular malformations includes a multidisciplinary approach with critical consideration of all potential treatment procedures.
血管畸形是身体局部区域血管生成的先天性错误。它们在出生时就存在，并与儿童成比例生长，从不显示任何消退的倾向。这一事实将它们与血管瘤明显区分开来，血管瘤是一种血管肿瘤，在生命的第一年有高增殖，随后缓慢消退。血管畸形的治疗策略与血管瘤的治疗策略有很大不同。根据血管畸形的类型，治疗可能包括激光治疗、硬化治疗、选择性栓塞和/或手术切除。虽然全身用药可能挽救患有危及生命的血管瘤的儿童的生命，但这种治疗对患有血管畸形的儿童没有显著效果。手术治疗的目的是完全切除畸形以防止其复发。然而，由于血管畸形通常呈浸润性生长，为避免身体出现不可接受的功能或美容缺陷，通常只能进行次全切除。一般来说，对患有血管畸形的儿童进行最佳管理包括多学科方法，并认真考虑所有潜在的治疗程序。
