Collier Sarah A, Rasmussen Sonja A, Feldkamp Marcia L, Honein Margaret A
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2009 Mar;85(3):193-201. doi: 10.1002/bdra.20540.
Although specific maternal infections during pregnancy have been associated with birth defects and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, the prevalence of infections during pregnancy has not been well described.
We estimated the prevalence of self-reported infection among 4967 women with live-born infants without major birth defects. We assessed the prevalence of reported infections and fever by type of infection, specific illness, and maternal characteristics including race and age.
Overall, 63.6% of women reported at least one infection during pregnancy. Reports of infections were more common during pregnancy than in the 3 months before pregnancy. Nearly half (49.6%) of women reported a respiratory infection, 20.5% reported a fever, 17.1% reported a urinary tract infection, 4.2% reported a yeast infection, and 3.4% reported a sexually transmitted disease. A subanalysis of self-reported infection and preterm delivery was performed among primiparous mothers with singleton pregnancies, but no statistically significant differences in infection prevalence were found. Women younger than 35 years reported nonrespiratory infections more frequently than women aged 35 years or older (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.64). Prevalence of nonrespiratory infections was also higher among those who smoked than among those who did not (PR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.20-1.47).
Reported infections during pregnancy are common, implying that a small increase in risk for birth defects or other adverse pregnancy outcomes could have a significant public health effect and underscoring the importance of understanding the effects of prenatal infections.
尽管孕期特定的母体感染与出生缺陷及其他不良妊娠结局相关，但孕期感染的患病率尚未得到充分描述。
我们估计了4967名分娩活婴且无重大出生缺陷的女性中自我报告感染的患病率。我们根据感染类型、具体疾病以及包括种族和年龄在内的母体特征评估了报告的感染和发热的患病率。
总体而言，63.6%的女性报告在孕期至少有一次感染。孕期感染的报告比孕前3个月更为常见。近一半（49.6%）的女性报告有呼吸道感染，20.5%报告有发热，17.1%报告有尿路感染，4.2%报告有酵母菌感染，3.4%报告有性传播疾病。对单胎初产妇进行了自我报告感染与早产的亚组分析，但未发现感染患病率有统计学上的显著差异。年龄小于35岁的女性比35岁及以上的女性更频繁地报告非呼吸道感染（患病率比[PR]1.41；95%置信区间[CI]：1.21 - 1.64）。吸烟者中非呼吸道感染的患病率也高于不吸烟者（PR 1.33；95% CI：1.20 - 1.47）。
孕期报告的感染很常见，这意味着出生缺陷或其他不良妊娠结局风险的小幅增加可能会产生重大的公共卫生影响，并凸显了了解产前感染影响的重要性。
