Miller Sonia A, Taveras Elsie M, Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L, Gillman Matthew W
Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Int J Pediatr Obes. 2008;3(3):168-76. doi: 10.1080/17477160801915935.
To examine the association between television/video (TV) viewing and markers of diet quality among 3-year-old children.
We studied 613 boys and 590 girls, age 3 years old, who were participants in Project Viva. Each mother reported the number of hours her child watched TV on an average weekday and weekend day in the past month, from which we calculated a weighted mean. The main outcomes were intakes of selected foods and nutrients from a validated food frequency questionnaire. In linear regression models we adjusted for mother's sociodemographic information, parental body mass index (BMI), and child's age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI z-score, sleep duration, and breast feeding duration.
Mean (standard deviation, SD) age of subjects was 3.2 (0.2) years; 372 children (31%) were non-white and 151 (13%) had a household income < $40 000, and 330 mothers (28%) had completed less than a college degree. Mean (SD) TV viewing was 1.7 (1.0) hours per day. For each 1-hour increment of TV viewing per day, we found higher intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (0.06 servings/day [95% CI 0.03, 0.10]), fast food (0.32 servings/month [95% CI 0.16, 0.49]), red and processed meat (0.06 servings/day [95% CI 0.02, 0.09]), total energy intake (48.7 kcal/day [95% CI 18.7, 78.6]), and percent energy intake from trans fat (0.05 [95% CI 0.03, 0.07]). We found lower intakes of fruit and vegetables (-0.18 servings/day [95% CI -0.32, -0.05]), calcium (-24.6 mg/day [95% CI -41.0, -8.1]), and dietary fiber (-0.44 g/day [95% CI -0.65, -0.22]).
Among 3-year-olds, more TV viewing is associated with adverse dietary practices. Interventions to reduce TV viewing in this age group may lead to improved diet quality.
研究3岁儿童看电视/视频（TV）与饮食质量指标之间的关联。
我们对参与“活力项目”的613名3岁男孩和590名3岁女孩进行了研究。每位母亲报告其孩子在过去一个月里平日和周末平均每天看电视的时长，据此我们计算出加权平均值。主要研究结果是通过一份经验证有效的食物频率问卷得出的特定食物和营养素摄入量。在多元线性回归模型中，我们对母亲的社会人口统计学信息、父母的体重指数（BMI）以及孩子的年龄、性别、种族/族裔、BMI z评分、睡眠时间和母乳喂养时长进行了校正。
研究对象的平均（标准差，SD）年龄为3.2（0.2）岁；372名儿童（31%）为非白人，151名（13%）家庭收入低于4万美元，330名母亲（28%）的受教育程度低于大学学历。平均（SD）每日看电视时长为1.7（1.0）小时。每天看电视时长每增加1小时，我们发现含糖饮料摄入量更高（0.06份/天[95%置信区间0.03，0.10]）、快餐摄入量更高（0.32份/月[95%置信区间0.16，0.49]）、红肉和加工肉类摄入量更高（0.06份/天[95%置信区间0.02，0.09]）、总能量摄入量更高（48.7千卡/天[95%置信区间18.7，78.6]）以及反式脂肪占能量摄入的百分比更高（0.05[95%置信区间0.03，0.07]）。我们发现水果和蔬菜摄入量更低（-0.18份/天[95%置信区间-0.32，-0.05]）、钙摄入量更低（-24.6毫克/天[95%置信区间-41.0，-8.1]）以及膳食纤维摄入量更低（-0.44克/天[95%置信区间-0.65，-0.22]）。
在3岁儿童中，看电视时间越长与不良饮食习惯相关。减少该年龄组儿童看电视时间的干预措施可能会改善饮食质量。
