Mejía-Recamier Blanca Estela, Castaño-Meneses Gabriela
Laboratorio de Ecologia y Sistemática de Microartrópodos, Departamento de Ecologia y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México, DF Mexico.
Rev Biol Trop. 2007 Sep-Dec;55(3-4):911-30.
The structure community of cunaxids mites was studied at a tropical dry forest in the Chamela Biological Station, Jalisco, Mexico. Monthly samples of litter and soil were taken during one year (July 1991-May 1992), in two small watersheds. A total of 43 species was recorded. We studied their abundance, species frequency (F), rareness and relative abundance (Ar), density (ind m(-2)), species richness (S), Shannon's diversity index (H'), and Pielou's evenness index (J'). The species richness was similar in litter and soil (38 species), but species composition was different. The higher density was found in soil, with 5 074 ind m(-2); litter density was 2 199 ind m(-2). The subfamilies with the highest density in both biotopes were Coleoscirinae (H=1127 ind m(-2); S=2235 ind m(-2)) and Cunaxiinae (H=887 ind m(-2); S=1936 ind m(-2)). The genus Pulaeus had the most species, and all were new to science. Mean and variance indicate an aggregate distribution for these cunaxids. By permanency and relative abundance, the dominant species were: Cunaxa potchensis, Coleoscirus simplex, Armascirus harrisoni, Cunaxoides sp. nov. 1, Cunaxoides sp. nov. 2, Pulaeus sp. nov. 15 and Pulaeus sp. nov. 16. An significant effect of the month and the biotope were recorded on the diversity and composition of cunaxid communities. Most of the species presented a significant effect of the month (24 spp.) and biotope (23 spp.), and five species only had a significant effect of the watersheds. The highest similarity was in litter (75 %) and soil (74 %). The highest temporal variation in density, diversity and species richness was from April through June in litter, and from September through November insoil. The evenness was constant in both biotopes. In the dry period the soil presented higher values of density, while in the litter it was in the rainy season. The species with high soil density (February-June: dry season) in both watersheds, were: C. simple, C. potchensis, Cunaxa sp. nov. 1, Cunaxa sp. nov. 2, C. veracruzana, Dactyloscirus sp. nov. 2, A. harrisoni, Cunaxoides sp. nov. 1, Cunaxoides sp. nov. 2, P. pectinatus, Pulaeus sp. nov. 14, Pulaeus sp. nov. 15 and Pulaeus sp. nov. 16. They were the most representative species in the soil and litter of Chamela communities. The most abundant dry season species were C. potchensis in the soil and A. harrisoni in the litter.
在墨西哥哈利斯科州查梅拉生物站的一片热带干燥森林中，对库纳螨的结构群落进行了研究。在一年时间里（1991年7月至1992年5月），于两个小流域每月采集凋落物和土壤样本。共记录到43个物种。我们研究了它们的丰度、物种频率（F）、稀有度和相对丰度（Ar）、密度（ind m⁻²）、物种丰富度（S）、香农多样性指数（H'）和皮洛均匀度指数（J'）。凋落物和土壤中的物种丰富度相似（均为38种），但物种组成不同。土壤中的密度更高，为5074 ind m⁻²；凋落物密度为2199 ind m⁻²。在两个生境中密度最高的亚科是鞘尾螨亚科（H = 1127 ind m⁻²；S = 2235 ind m⁻²）和库纳螨亚科（H = 887 ind m⁻²；S = 1936 ind m⁻²）。普拉尤斯属的物种最多，且均为科学新发现。均值和方差表明这些库纳螨呈聚集分布。从持久性和相对丰度来看，优势物种有：波特琴库纳螨、简单鞘尾螨、哈里森阿马斯螨、新种库纳似螨1、新种库纳似螨2、新种普拉尤斯螨15和新种普拉尤斯螨16。记录到月份和生境对库纳螨群落的多样性和组成有显著影响。大多数物种受月份（24种）和生境（23种）的影响显著，有5个物种仅受流域的显著影响。凋落物（75%）和土壤（74%）中的相似度最高。密度、多样性和物种丰富度的最高时间变化在凋落物中出现在4月至6月期间，在土壤中出现在9月至11月期间。两个生境中的均匀度保持恒定。在干旱期，土壤中的密度值较高，而在凋落物中则是在雨季。在两个流域土壤密度较高的时期（2月至6月：旱季）的物种有：简单鞘尾螨、波特琴库纳螨、新种库纳螨1、新种库纳螨2、韦拉克鲁斯库纳螨（C. veracruzana）、新种指尾螨2、哈里森阿马斯螨、新种库纳似螨1、新种库纳似螨2、栉状普拉尤斯螨（P. pectinatus）、新种普拉尤斯螨14、新种普拉尤斯螨15和新种普拉尤斯螨16。它们是查梅拉群落土壤和凋落物中最具代表性的物种。旱季最丰富的物种在土壤中是波特琴库纳螨，在凋落物中是哈里森阿马斯螨。
