Businelle Michael S, Apperson Megan R, Kendzor Darla E, Terlecki Meredith A, Copeland Amy L
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008 Dec;16(6):513-20. doi: 10.1037/a0013510.
Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) tend to focus more on immediate, rather than cumulative, consequences of their actions on measures of decision-making. This type of decision-making may contribute to continued substance use. The present study compared the performance of four groups of individuals on one measure of decision-making, the Bechara Gambling Task (BGT). The groups were (a) heavy smokers with comorbid substance dependence (n = 40), (b) heavy smokers with no history of substance dependence (n = 19), (c) substance dependent never smokers (n = 26), and (d) never smokers with no history of substance dependence (n = 34). Analysis revealed that there were no significant main effects of gender or SUD status. However, a significant gender by SUD status interaction was found, such that men with an SUD performed more poorly on the BGT than men without an SUD history. Women with and without an SUD both performed poorly on this task. Unexpectedly, no differences in BGT performance were found between smokers and nonsmokers. Overall, findings indicate that having an SUD, other than nicotine dependence, is correlated with poor BGT performance in men only. The BGT did not differentiate between women with and without SUDs, and therefore, may not be an appropriate measure of decision-making in women.
患有物质使用障碍（SUDs）的个体在决策衡量方面往往更关注其行为的即时后果，而非累积后果。这种决策类型可能导致持续的物质使用。本研究比较了四组个体在一种决策衡量任务——贝查拉赌博任务（BGT）上的表现。这四组分别是：（a）患有共病物质依赖的重度吸烟者（n = 40），（b）无物质依赖史的重度吸烟者（n = 19），（c）有物质依赖但从不吸烟的人（n = 26），以及（d）无物质依赖史且从不吸烟的人（n = 34）。分析显示，性别或SUD状态没有显著的主效应。然而，发现了一个显著的性别与SUD状态的交互作用，即患有SUD的男性在BGT上的表现比没有SUD病史的男性更差。有和没有SUD的女性在这项任务上的表现都很差。出乎意料的是，吸烟者和不吸烟者在BGT表现上没有差异。总体而言，研究结果表明，除尼古丁依赖外，患有SUD仅与男性较差的BGT表现相关。BGT无法区分有和没有SUD的女性，因此，可能不是衡量女性决策的合适指标。
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