Glover Kevin A
Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway.
BMC Genet. 2008 Dec 16;9:87. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-87.
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most important aquaculture species in the world, and Norway is one of the largest producers. The present study was initiated in response to a request from the Norwegian police authority to identify the farm of origin for 35 escaped rainbow trout captured in a fjord. Eleven samples, each consisting of approximately 47 fish, were collected from the three farms operating in the fjord where the escapees were captured. In order to gain a better general understanding of the genetic structure of rainbow trout strains used in Norwegian aquaculture, seven samples (47 fish per sample) were collected from six farms located outside the region where the escapees were captured. All samples, including the escapees, were genotyped with 12 microsatellite loci.
All samples displayed considerable genetic variability at all loci (mean number of alleles per locus per sample ranged from 5.4-8.6). Variable degrees of genetic differentiation were observed among the samples, with pair-wise FST values ranging from 0-0.127. Self-assignment tests conducted among the samples collected from farms outside the fjord where the escapees were observed gave an overall correct assignment of 82.5%, demonstrating potential for genetic identification of escapees. In the "real life" assignment of the 35 captured escapees, all were excluded from two of the samples included as controls in the analysis, and 26 were excluded from the third control sample. In contrast, only 1 of the escapees was excluded from the 11 pooled samples collected on the 3 farms operating in the fjord.
Considerable genetic variation exists within and among rainbow trout strains farmed in Norway. Together with modern statistical methods, this will provide commercial operators with a tool to monitor breeding and fish movements, and management authorities with the ability to identify the source of escapees. The data generated in this study were used by the Norwegian police to initiate an investigation of the company operating the three farms in the fjord where escapees were observed.
虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）是世界上最重要的水产养殖品种之一，挪威是最大的生产国之一。本研究是应挪威警方的要求开展的，目的是确定在一个峡湾捕获的35条逃逸虹鳟的原产养殖场。从捕获逃逸虹鳟的峡湾中运营的三个养殖场收集了11个样本，每个样本约由47条鱼组成。为了更好地全面了解挪威水产养殖中使用的虹鳟品系的遗传结构，从捕获逃逸虹鳟区域以外的六个养殖场收集了七个样本（每个样本47条鱼）。所有样本，包括逃逸虹鳟，都用12个微卫星位点进行了基因分型。
所有样本在所有位点均表现出相当大的遗传变异性（每个样本每个位点的平均等位基因数在5.4 - 8.6之间）。样本间观察到不同程度的遗传分化，成对FST值在0 - 0.127之间。在从观察到逃逸虹鳟的峡湾以外的养殖场收集的样本中进行的自我分配测试给出了82.5%的总体正确分配率，证明了对逃逸虹鳟进行遗传鉴定的潜力。在对35条捕获的逃逸虹鳟进行“实际”分配时，所有逃逸虹鳟都被排除在分析中作为对照的两个样本之外，26条被排除在第三个对照样本之外。相比之下,在峡湾中运营的三个养殖场收集的11个混合样本中，只有1条逃逸虹鳟被排除。
挪威养殖的虹鳟品系内部和之间存在相当大的遗传变异。这与现代统计方法一起，将为商业经营者提供一个监测育种和鱼类移动的工具，并为管理当局提供识别逃逸虹鳟来源的能力。本研究产生的数据被挪威警方用于对在观察到逃逸虹鳟的峡湾中运营三个养殖场的公司展开调查。
