Hansson Marit, Stockfelt Leo, Urazalin Marat, Ahlm Clas, Andersson Rune
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2008 Dec 16;8:14. doi: 10.1186/1472-698X-8-14.
Until recently, young people in Kazakhstan have been only moderately affected by the global HIV epidemic. Today, however, the HIV epidemic in Central Asia is one of the most rapidly increasing epidemics in the world. It is mainly concentrated to vulnerable groups such as intravenous drug users, sex workers, the purchasers of sexual services and the financially marginalized. Young, sexually active people may however be the gateway for the epidemic to the general population, and knowledge about their attitudes and behavior is therefore important in planning preventive measures.
To gather information about young students and their attitudes and knowledge about HIV/AIDS, we collected 600 structured questionnaires and made 23 semi-structured interviews among three groups of students. Response rate was 99%.
Almost 99% of the respondents had heard of HIV/AIDS, and 89% could identify ways to protect oneself against sexually transmitted HIV/AIDS. The main routes of transmission, sexual contact without condom and intravenous drug use, were both identified by 97% of the students. Twenty-five percent of the female students and 75% of the male students had had one or more sexual partners. More than 30% of the young men had purchased sex, and homosexuality was widely stigmatized.
Risks for the spread of HIV/AIDS among young people in Kazakhstan include prostitution as well as stigmatization of the HIV positive and of homosexuals. Protective factors are good knowledge about risks and protection, and opportunities to talk and gather information about sexuality and HIV/AIDS.
直到最近，哈萨克斯坦的年轻人仅受到全球艾滋病毒流行的中度影响。然而如今，中亚的艾滋病毒流行是世界上增长最为迅速的流行之一。它主要集中在诸如静脉吸毒者、性工作者、性服务购买者以及经济上处于边缘地位的人群等弱势群体中。然而，性活跃的年轻人可能是该流行病向普通人群传播的通道，因此了解他们的态度和行为对于规划预防措施至关重要。
为了收集有关青年学生及其对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的态度和知识的信息，我们收集了600份结构化问卷，并在三组学生中进行了23次半结构化访谈。回复率为99%。
几乎99%的受访者听说过艾滋病毒/艾滋病，89%的人能够指出预防性传播艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法。97%的学生都指出了主要传播途径，即无保护措施的性接触和静脉吸毒。25%的女学生和75%的男学生有过一个或多个性伴侣。超过30%的年轻男性购买过性服务，同性恋受到广泛的污名化。
哈萨克斯坦年轻人中艾滋病毒/艾滋病传播的风险包括卖淫以及对艾滋病毒阳性者和同性恋者的污名化。保护因素包括对风险和保护措施的良好认知，以及谈论和获取有关性和艾滋病毒/艾滋病信息的机会。
