Martínez-Ferrer Angeles, Peris Pilar, Reyes Raquel, Guañabens Núria
Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital Clínic. IDIBAPS. Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona. España.
Med Clin (Barc). 2008 Nov 15;131(17):641-6. doi: 10.1157/13128721.
Calcium (Ca(2+)) intake through diet is mainly obtained from dairy products. However, there are other sources of Ca(2+), such as water, which can significantly contribute to its intake. Moreover, water also contains other minerals, such as magnesium (Mg(2+)) and sodium (Na(+)), with potential implications for health. Thus, Mg(2+) has been associated with a reduction of sudden death, whereas Na(+) contributes to the occurrence of hypertension. The rise in the consumption of bottled water in the general population clearly indicates the necessity of knowing the possible effects on health. Indeed, there may be a great variation in the content of these minerals depending on the type of water.
We obtained the mineral content of Ca(2+), Mg(2+) y Na(+) from tap water of 492 Spanish towns and cities (through data given by autonomous communities, city/town halls or municipal water companies) and from 182 commercially available bottled waters (122 available in Spain, 60 available in Europe). The results were compared with the recommended dietary intake of these minerals.
There is a great variation in the mineral content among the different bottled waters and also among tap waters. Thus, among bottled waters in our country the Ca(2+) concentration ranges between 0.5-672 mg/l; 16% of these waters had a concentration > 100 mg/l and only two > 300 mg/l; some European waters showed high concentrations of Ca(2+) (459-575 mg/l); Na+ concentrations ranged between 0.1-2.000 mg/l, and Mg(2+) between 0.1-128. In tap water Ca2+ concentrations ranged between 0-337 mg/l, Na+ between 1-332 mg/l, and Mg(2+) between 0.3-315 mg/l. In 33.4% of the analysed tap waters the Ca(2+) concentration was > 100 mg/l, in 4 of them it was > 200 mg/l.
Water, even bottled water or tap water, has a great variability in the concentrations of Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Na(+). In some occasions, water may even supply the minimum recommended intake of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) and can exceed the Na+ content. These data should be considered when selecting one for consumption.
通过饮食摄入的钙（Ca(2+)）主要来自乳制品。然而，还有其他钙源，如水，其对钙的摄入量有显著贡献。此外，水中还含有其他矿物质，如镁（Mg(2+)）和钠（Na(+)），对健康可能有影响。因此，镁与猝死风险降低有关，而钠会导致高血压。普通人群中瓶装水消费量的增加清楚地表明有必要了解其对健康可能产生的影响。事实上，这些矿物质的含量可能因水的类型而有很大差异。
我们获取了西班牙492个城镇自来水（通过自治区、城镇政府或市政供水公司提供的数据）以及182种市售瓶装水（122种在西班牙有售，60种在欧洲有售）中钙（Ca(2+)）、镁（Mg(2+)）和钠（Na(+)）的矿物质含量。将结果与这些矿物质的推荐膳食摄入量进行比较。
不同瓶装水之间以及自来水之间的矿物质含量有很大差异。在我国的瓶装水中，钙（Ca(2+)）浓度在0.5 - 672毫克/升之间；其中16%的水浓度>100毫克/升，只有两种>300毫克/升；一些欧洲的水显示出高钙（Ca(2+)）浓度（459 - 575毫克/升）；钠（Na+）浓度在0.1 - 2000毫克/升之间，镁（Mg(2+)）在0.1 - 128之间。自来水中钙（Ca2+）浓度在0 - 337毫克/升之间，钠（Na+）在1 - 332毫克/升之间，镁（Mg(2+)）在0.3 - 315毫克/升之间。在33.4%的分析自来水中，钙（Ca(2+)）浓度>100毫克/升，其中4种>200毫克/升。
水，即使是瓶装水或自来水，其钙（Ca(2+)）、镁（Mg(2+)）和钠（Na(+)）的浓度也有很大差异。在某些情况下，水甚至可以提供钙（Ca(2+)）和镁（Mg(2+)）的最低推荐摄入量，并且可能超过钠（Na+）含量。在选择饮用水时应考虑这些数据。
