瓶装水对预防龋齿的潜在益处及其对矿物质摄入的贡献的调查

J Am Dent Assoc. 2020 Dec;151(12):924-934.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.08.023.

BACKGROUND

Bottled water has become the most consumed beverage in the United States. The authors aimed to inform the dental profession about the potential anticaries benefits of some bottled waters and to provide information about their possible contributions to fluoride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium intakes.

METHODS

The authors chose a convenience sample by purchasing all different bottled waters from the main supermarkets operating in Indianapolis, Indiana. The authors analyzed the fluoride content using a fluoride ion-specific electrode and metal concentrations using atomic absorption spectroscopy. They used dietary reference intakes to calculate hypothetical intakes of all minerals.

RESULTS

The authors identified 92 different bottled waters. Fluoride concentrations were generally low (mean, 0.11 parts per million [ppm]; median, 0.04 ppm). Only 2 waters contained more than 0.7 ppm fluoride (0.95 ppm and 1.22 ppm). Metal concentrations varied considerably among waters. Calcium concentrations ranged from less than 0.1 through 360 ppm (mean, 26.9 ppm; median, 5.2 ppm), which were greater than those of magnesium (range, < 0.01-106 ppm; mean, 7.5 ppm; median, 1.9 ppm), sodium (range, < 0.01-109 ppm; mean, 11.1 ppm; median, 2.9 ppm), and potassium (range, < 0.01-43 ppm; mean, 3.6 ppm; median, 1.2 ppm). Overall, most bottled waters do not contribute to adequate intakes of fluoride, potassium, or sodium or to recommended dietary allowances for calcium and magnesium. Nonetheless, some waters can provide meaningful contributions to fluoride, calcium, and magnesium intake.

CONCLUSIONS

The fluoride concentration in 90 of the 92 studied bottled waters is insufficient to contribute to caries prevention. Only a few bottled waters can be considered health-promoting.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

Dental professionals should consider the mineral content of water consumed by their patients during caries risk assessment.

背景

瓶装水已成为美国最受欢迎的饮品。作者旨在向牙科专业人士介绍一些瓶装水在预防龋齿方面的潜在益处，并提供有关其对氟化物、钙、镁、钠和钾摄入量的可能贡献的信息。

方法

作者通过从印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯市运营的主要超市购买所有不同的瓶装水，选择了一个方便的样本。作者使用氟离子特异性电极分析氟含量，使用原子吸收光谱法分析金属浓度。他们使用膳食参考摄入量来计算所有矿物质的假设摄入量。

结果

作者确定了 92 种不同的瓶装水。氟化物浓度通常较低（平均值 0.11 百万分率[ppm]；中位数 0.04 ppm）。只有 2 种水含有超过 0.7 ppm 的氟化物（0.95 ppm 和 1.22 ppm）。水之间的金属浓度差异很大。钙浓度从低于 0.1 到 360 ppm（平均值 26.9 ppm；中位数 5.2 ppm）不等，高于镁（范围<0.01-106 ppm；平均值 7.5 ppm；中位数 1.9 ppm）、钠（范围<0.01-109 ppm；平均值 11.1 ppm；中位数 2.9 ppm）和钾（范围<0.01-43 ppm；平均值 3.6 ppm；中位数 1.2 ppm）。总体而言，大多数瓶装水不能提供足够的氟化物、钾或钠摄入量，也不能满足钙和镁的推荐膳食摄入量。尽管如此，一些水可以为氟化物、钙和镁的摄入提供有意义的贡献。