Xagorari Angeliki, Chlichlia Katerina
Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Dept. of Hematology/BMT, Gen. Hospital G. Papanikolaou, 57010 Exochi, Thes-saloniki, Greece.
Open Microbiol J. 2008;2:49-59. doi: 10.2174/1874285800802010049. Epub 2008 May 14.
Induction of antiviral innate immune responses depends on a family of innate immune receptors, the Toll-like receptors (TLR). TLR mediate the antiviral immune responses by recognizing virus infection, activating signaling pathways and inducing the production of antiviral cytokines and chemokines. ssRNA and dsRNA viruses can be recognized by TLR7/8 and TLR3, respectively. TLR receptors are also involved in the recognition of viruses containing genomes rich in CpG DNA motifs as well as envelope glycoproteins. Cytoplasmic recognition of dsRNA by RNA helicases such as RIG-I and MDA5 provides another means of recognizing viral nucleic acid. In order to counteract the innate host immune system viruses evolved mechanisms that block recognition and signaling through pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs and RNA helicases. Recently, TLR agonists represent a promising approach for the treatment of infectious diseases. This review will focus on the current knowledge of TLR-mediated immune responses to several viral infections.
抗病毒固有免疫反应的诱导依赖于一类固有免疫受体，即Toll样受体（TLR）。TLR通过识别病毒感染、激活信号通路以及诱导抗病毒细胞因子和趋化因子的产生来介导抗病毒免疫反应。单链RNA病毒和双链RNA病毒可分别被TLR7/8和TLR3识别。TLR受体还参与识别含有富含CpG DNA基序的基因组以及包膜糖蛋白的病毒。RNA解旋酶如RIG-I和MDA5对双链RNA的胞质识别提供了另一种识别病毒核酸的方式。为了对抗宿主的固有免疫系统，病毒进化出了通过模式识别受体（如TLR和RNA解旋酶）来阻断识别和信号传导的机制。最近，TLR激动剂代表了一种治疗传染病的有前景的方法。本综述将聚焦于目前关于TLR介导的对几种病毒感染的免疫反应的知识。
