Erguder Toker, Cakir Banu, Aslan Dilek, Warren Charles W, Jones Nathan R, Asma Samira
World Health Organization Country Office, Birlik Mahallesi 2, Cadde No: 11, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
BMC Public Health. 2008 Dec 15;8 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S4. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-S1-S4.
The tobacco control effort in Turkey has made significant progress in recent years. Turkey initiated its tobacco control effort with the passing of Law 4207 (The Prevention of Harmful Effects of Tobacco Products) in 1996 and ratified the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004. It is important to base policy decisions on valid and reliable evidence from population-based, representative studies that are periodically repeated to enable policy makers to monitor the results of their interventions and to appropriately tailor anti-tobacco activities towards future needs.
The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to track tobacco use among young people and enhance the capacity of countries to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco control and prevention programs. Turkey conducted the GYTS in 2003 and data from this survey can be used as baseline measures for evaluation of the tobacco control programs implemented by the Ministry of Health (MOH) of the Turkish government.
The GYTS was conducted in 2003 on a representative sample of students aged 13 to 15 years. It indicated that almost 3 in 10 students in Turkey had ever smoked cigarettes, with significantly higher rates among boys. Current cigarette smoking rates were lower, at 9% for boys and 4% for girls. The prevalence of current use of other tobacco products was about half these figures for each gender. About 80% were exposed to secondhand smoke. Exposure to pro-smoking media messages was not rare. Almost half of the smokers 'usually' bought their tobacco from a store, despite the law prohibiting this. Exposure to teaching against smoking in schools was not universal.
Findings from the GYTS, with periodic repeats of the survey, can be used to monitor the impact of enforcing various provisions of the present law (No: 4207), the progress made in achieving the goals of the WHO FCTC, and the effectiveness of various preventive interventions against smoking. Such data would inform and help in the development of public health strategy.
近年来，土耳其的烟草控制工作取得了显著进展。土耳其于1996年通过了第4207号法律（《烟草制品有害影响预防法》），开启了其烟草控制工作，并于2004年批准了世界卫生组织（WHO）的《烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）。基于以人群为基础的、具有代表性的研究得出的有效且可靠的证据来做出政策决策非常重要，此类研究需定期重复进行，以便政策制定者能够监测其干预措施的效果，并根据未来需求适当调整反烟草活动。
全球青少年烟草调查（GYTS）旨在追踪年轻人中的烟草使用情况，并提高各国设计、实施和评估烟草控制与预防项目的能力。土耳其于2003年开展了全球青少年烟草调查，该调查的数据可作为评估土耳其政府卫生部（MOH）实施的烟草控制项目的基线指标。
2003年对13至15岁学生的代表性样本进行了全球青少年烟草调查。结果显示，土耳其近十分之三的学生曾吸烟，男孩的吸烟率明显更高。当前吸烟率较低，男孩为9%，女孩为4%。其他烟草制品的当前使用率在各性别中约为上述数字的一半。约80%的人接触过二手烟。接触支持吸烟的媒体信息并不罕见。尽管法律禁止，但几乎一半的吸烟者“通常”从商店购买烟草。学校开展禁烟教育的情况并不普遍。
全球青少年烟草调查的结果，以及该调查的定期重复开展，可用于监测执行现行法律（第4207号）各项规定的影响、在实现世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》目标方面取得的进展，以及各种预防吸烟干预措施的有效性。此类数据将为公共卫生战略的制定提供信息并提供帮助。
