Szanton Sarah L, Allen Jerilyn K, Thorpe Roland J, Seeman Teresa, Bandeen-Roche Karen, Fried Linda P
Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe street #424, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008 Nov;63(6):S369-74. doi: 10.1093/geronb/63.6.s369.
Although it is well established that low socioeconomic status is related to mortality, little research has focused on whether financial strain predicts mortality. Still less research has examined this question by race, despite the evidence that African Americans suffer earlier mortality and more financial strain at the same levels of socioeconomic status than their Caucasian counterparts. We examined the extent to which financial strain was associated with increased mortality risk in older women and whether the relationship differed by race.
The sample was the Women's Health and Aging Studies I and II of community-dwelling older women aged 70 to 79. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the effect of financial strain on 5-year mortality rates.
Women who reported financial strain were almost 60% more likely to die within 5 years independent of race, age, education, absolute income, health insurance status, and comorbidities (p <.001) than their counterparts who did not. Although race was not a predictor of mortality, the association between financial strain and mortality was stronger for African Americans than for Caucasians (p <.01).
For older women, financial strain may be a better predictor of mortality than annual income, particularly in the case of older African American women.
尽管社会经济地位低下与死亡率之间的关联已得到充分证实，但很少有研究关注经济压力是否能预测死亡率。尽管有证据表明，在相同社会经济地位水平下，非裔美国人比白人更早死亡且面临更大的经济压力，但通过种族来研究这个问题的研究更少。我们研究了经济压力与老年女性死亡率风险增加之间的关联程度，以及这种关系是否因种族而异。
样本来自社区居住的70至79岁老年女性的妇女健康与衰老研究I和II。我们使用Cox比例风险模型来估计经济压力对5年死亡率的影响。
报告有经济压力的女性在5年内死亡的可能性比没有经济压力的女性高出近60%，这与种族、年龄、教育程度、绝对收入、健康保险状况和合并症无关（p<.001）。尽管种族不是死亡率的预测因素，但经济压力与死亡率之间的关联在非裔美国女性中比在白人女性中更强（p<.01）。
对于老年女性来说，经济压力可能比年收入更能预测死亡率，尤其是在老年非裔美国女性的情况下。
