Tanrivermiş Harun, Akdoğan Ilyas
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara University, Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2007 Dec 15;10(24):4339-53. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.4339.4353.
In this research, the use of certificated seeds of improved wheat varieties in farms of Ankara, which have an important share in wheat production of Turkey and the contributions of the certified seeds usage to enterprise economy have been evaluated by using data collected from farms via a questionnaire. The low level of use of certificated wheat seed in farms is associated with many factors, such as price of the seed (cost), yield gains and suitability of the varieties for the farming aims of producers. Average productivity is 49.5% and average net profit is 39.7% higher in the production of wheat with certificated seeds of improved varieties in farms in comparison to farming with traditional varieties. Average productivity in wheat production with uncertified seeds of improved varieties is 24.9% and net profit per unit area is 24.3% higher than wheat production with traditional varieties. The net economic benefit of wheat production using certificated seeds of improved varieties and that of wheat farming with uncertified seeds has been estimated at $ 102.40 and $ 62.70 ha(-1), respectively. Some $ 6.4 benefit is generated in return for $ 1 of expense in wheat farming with certificated seeds of improved varieties instead of traditional varieties. In the absence of state subsidies for certificated seeds the use of uncertified seeds seems to be advantageous for producers. While the amount of subsidy per hectare will be a minimum of $ 101 for certificated seeds per hectare of planting area (as technological improvement), the support will be encouraging for usage of certified seeds. Many variables, such as farm size, use of certified seeds, topography of land, production system, education level and frequency of visiting the agriculture organizations of the producers influence the level of gross profit per unit area in wheat farming. Low level of use of certificated seed in farms decreases the economic benefit of new varieties which are developed as a result of long term research and development studies and with a large amount of expense and causes the return of expenses to take a long time, if ever.
在本研究中，通过问卷调查从安卡拉的农场收集数据，评估了在土耳其小麦生产中占重要份额的安卡拉农场使用认证的改良小麦品种种子的情况以及使用认证种子对企业经济的贡献。农场中认证小麦种子的低使用率与许多因素有关，例如种子价格（成本）、产量增益以及品种对生产者种植目标的适用性。与种植传统品种相比，使用认证的改良品种种子种植小麦时，农场的平均生产力提高了49.5%，平均净利润提高了39.7%。使用未经认证的改良品种种子种植小麦的平均生产力比种植传统品种高24.9%，单位面积净利润高24.3%。使用认证的改良品种种子种植小麦的净经济效益和使用未经认证种子种植小麦的净经济效益估计分别为每公顷102.40美元和62.70美元。使用认证的改良品种种子而非传统品种种植小麦时，每投入1美元可产生约6.4美元的收益。在没有国家对认证种子补贴的情况下，使用未经认证的种子对生产者似乎更有利。虽然每公顷种植面积的认证种子补贴金额至少为101美元（作为技术改进），但这种支持将鼓励认证种子的使用。许多变量，如农场规模、认证种子的使用、土地地形、生产系统、教育水平以及生产者参观农业组织的频率，都会影响小麦种植单位面积的毛利润水平。农场中认证种子的低使用率降低了长期研发投入大量资金培育出的新品种的经济效益，并且如果有回报的话，成本回收时间也会很长。
