Garbe Claus, Leiter Ulrike
Division of Dermato-oncology, Eberhard Karls-University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
Clin Dermatol. 2009 Jan-Feb;27(1):3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.09.001.
Rising incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma have been observed during the last four decades in white populations worldwide. The cancer statistics in the United States have revealed 6 cases per 100,000 and year at the beginning of the 1970s and 18 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year at the beginning of 2000, demonstrating a threefold increase in incidence rates. Incidence rates in central Europe increased in the same time period from 3 to 4 cases to 10 to 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year, which is very similar to the increase in the United States. Cohort studies from several countries indicate that the trend of increasing incidence rates will continue in the future for at least the next 2 decades; thus, an additional doubling of incidence rates is expected. The highest incidence rates have been reported from Australia and New Zealand, from 40 to 60 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year. Mortality rates likewise slightly increased in the United States and in Europe during the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990 s, however, a leveling off of mortality rates was observed in many countries. Simultaneously, a clear decrease of Breslow tumor thickness was reported in the United States and European countries. This development indicates improved early recognition of cutaneous melanoma, which is presently the main factor for a more favorable prognosis.
在过去的四十年里，全球白人人群中皮肤黑色素瘤的发病率一直在上升。美国的癌症统计数据显示，20世纪70年代初每10万人每年有6例，到2000年初每10万居民每年有18例，发病率增长了两倍。同一时期，中欧的发病率从每10万居民每年3至4例增加到10至15例，这与美国的增长情况非常相似。来自几个国家的队列研究表明，发病率上升的趋势在未来至少20年内还将继续；因此，预计发病率将再翻一番。澳大利亚和新西兰报告的发病率最高，每10万居民每年有40至60例。20世纪70年代和80年代，美国和欧洲的死亡率也略有上升。然而，在20世纪90年代，许多国家的死亡率趋于平稳。与此同时，美国和欧洲国家报告称Breslow肿瘤厚度明显下降。这一发展表明皮肤黑色素瘤的早期识别有所改善，目前这是预后更有利的主要因素。
