Dybkowska Ewa, Swiderski Franciszek, Waszkiewicz-Robak Bozena
Katedra Dietetyki i Zywności Funkcjonalnej, Wydział Nauk o Zywieniu Człowieka i Konsumpcji SGGW, 02-776 Warszawa, ul. Nowoursynowska 159 C.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2004;55(4):331-6.
The aim of the study was to establish the intake level of fat, linolenic and linoleic acids, trans fatty acids and cholesterol in an average diet of Warsaw adult inhabitants in comparison with the Polish diet. The intake of nutrients in an average diet of Warsaw adult inhabitants was estimated based on research data gathered using three-day dietary records in 2001/2002 as well as the research results of household budgets, elaborated by the Central Statistical Office in 1998 and 2001. Excessive consumption of fats in the diet resulted from high consumption of fried products, adding fat to dishes and the consumption of high-fat milk and meat products. Moreover, a low consumption of linolenic acid and a high participation of linoleic acid was proved in the diet. Excessive consumption of linoleic acid was the result of high consumption of oil fried products and using margarines for spreading. The intake of trans fatty acids in Warsaw diet was higher than recommended as a result of high great consumption of margarines and hydrogenated fat, while the intake of trans fatty acids in Polish diet did not exceed maximum recommended amount. Excessive level of cholesterol in the diet was the result of high consumption of meat, meat products and eggs. The results indicate that it is necessary to decrease the intake of fat in the diet, especially hydrogenated fat, and replace them with oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid, e.g. rape oil as well as consume more sea fish and fish products. It is recommended that high fat meat and meat products should be replaced with the lean ones and that low-fat milk and milk products should be consumed.
本研究的目的是确定华沙成年居民的平均饮食中脂肪、亚麻酸和亚油酸、反式脂肪酸及胆固醇的摄入量，并与波兰饮食进行比较。基于2001/2002年使用三日饮食记录收集的研究数据以及中央统计局1998年和2001年编制的家庭预算研究结果，对华沙成年居民平均饮食中的营养素摄入量进行了估算。饮食中脂肪的过量摄入源于油炸食品的高消费量、在菜肴中添加脂肪以及食用高脂肪的牛奶和肉类产品。此外，饮食中还证实亚麻酸消费量低，亚油酸占比高。亚油酸的过量摄入是油炸食品消费量高以及使用人造黄油涂抹的结果。由于人造黄油和氢化脂肪的高消费量，华沙饮食中反式脂肪酸的摄入量高于推荐量，而波兰饮食中反式脂肪酸的摄入量未超过最大推荐量。饮食中胆固醇水平过高是肉类、肉类产品和鸡蛋高消费量的结果。结果表明，有必要减少饮食中脂肪的摄入量，尤其是氢化脂肪，并用人造黄油和氢化脂肪的高消费量，而波兰饮食中反式脂肪酸的摄入量未超过最大推荐量。饮食中胆固醇水平过高是肉类、肉类产品和鸡蛋高消费量的结果。结果表明，有必要减少饮食中脂肪的摄入量，尤其是氢化脂肪，并用富含α-亚麻酸的油（如菜籽油）替代它们，同时多食用海鱼和鱼产品。建议用瘦肉替代高脂肪的肉类和肉类产品，并食用低脂牛奶和奶制品。
